September 2 (102)

Since the papacy had established itself as the foremost see in the western Catholic Church, popes had been working to build and maintain a center of authority for all Christians. In the late 6th century, one pope was particularly successful in laying the groundwork for the power of the papacy. In his 14-year pontificate, he reformed the mass, wrote important theological treatises, and worked hard to alleviate the suffering of the people at a time of plague, war, and flood. He has even been credited with originating early Christian chant.

For all this he has been given the appellation "the Great." Who was he?

A. Pope Benedict I

B. Pope Gregory I

C. Pope John I

D. Pope Pius II

E. Pope Boniface V

A kenning is a literary device in which a poetic phrase substitutes for a noun. In the best kennings, one element of the phrase will create a striking, unexpected comparison. Often used in Anglo-Saxon poetry and especially in Beowulf, a kenning provides powerful imagery that would help the audience focus on the words of the scop or poet telling the story. A kenning also allows the scop some variety, so words don’t become overused. Finally, Anglo-Saxon poetry depended heavily on alliteration, and some kennings provided additional alliteration.

sky-candle (the sun)

swan-road (the sea)

stout-hearted (brave)

battle sweat (blood)

light-of-battle (sword)

helmet bearers (warriors)

giver of gold (king)

earth-hall (burial mound, barrow)

dwelling place (home)

storm of swords (battle)

1. gas guzzler

2. headhunter

3. muffin top

4. rug rat

5. land line

6. eye candy

7. cancer stick

8. boob tube

9. couch potato

10. tramp stamp

Hwæt! We Gardena in geardagum,

þeodcyninga, þrym gefrunon,

hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon.

Oft Scyld Scefing sceaþena þreatum,

5 monegum mægþum, meodosetla ofteah,

egsode eorlas. Syððan ærest wearð

feasceaft funden, .

he þæs frofre gebad,

weox under wolcnum, weorðmyndum þah,

oðþæt him æghwylc þara ymbsittendra

10 ofer hronrade hyran scolde,

gomban gyldan. þæt wæs god cyning!

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Read Beowulf pages 77-108

Write a one-and-a-half page paper (look at the prompt for more information)

Due Thursday at 10:35 a.m. to Turnitin