Scientific Paper Writing

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Scientific Paper Writing

Sanjay Shitole

HOD and Associate ProfessorDepartment of Information Technology

Usha Mittal Institute of Technology for WomenSNDT Women’s University, Santacruz(w), Mumbai.

15 Sept 2014

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Outline of Topics

Research

Plagiarism

Writing a quality manuscriptUseful tips

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Why to do a Research

• Knowledge Creation

• To look at the things differently

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

How To

Find the similarities between the UnrelatedFind the differences between related

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Develop research as your hobby.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Skills required

Learn by self

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Thought

Research is not like 100m race,It’s a marathon.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Requirement

• Endurance

• Strength

• Stamina

• Passion

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Science and Enggineering

• Science : Laws of reality

• Engineering. : Change the reality

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Science tries to describe reality while Engineering wants to changeit.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

True Engineering is Interdisciplinary

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Research is to see what everybody else has seen and to think whatnobody else has thought.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

If I cite the source, can I still be accused of plagiarism?

You are allowed to borrow ideas or phrases from other sourcesprovided you cite them properly and your usage is consistent withthe guidelines set by fair use laws.

If you follow the words of a source too closely, and do not usequotation marks, it can be considered plagiarism even if you citethe source.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

What is quoting?

Taking the exact words from an original source is called quoting.You should quote material when you believe the way the originalauthor expresses an idea is the most effective means ofcommunicating the point you want to make. If you want to borrowan idea from an author, but do not need his or her exact words,you should try paraphrasing instead of quoting.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Paraphrasing

To paraphrase is to include the ideas or information from anoriginal source in your paper by rephrasing those ideas orinformation in your own words. The key to successful paraphrasingis to use as few words as possible from the original text–be mindfulnot to change the meaning that you are trying to convey as yourephrase–and to cite your paraphrase. Without proper citation,your paraphrase could be construed as plagiarism.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Title

A good title should contain the fewest possible words thatadequately describe the contents of a paper

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Abstract

The quality of an abstract will strongly influence the editor’sdecision

• Is precise and honest

• Can stand alone

• Uses little to no technical jargon

• Is brief and specific

• Cites no references

Use the abstract to “sell” your article

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Introdction

• Open up the subject.

• Survey past work relevant to this paper.

• Describe the problem addressed in this paper, and show howthis work relates to, or augments, previous work.

• Describe the assumptions made in general terms, and statewhat results have been obtained. (This gives the reader aninitial overview of what problem is addressed in the paper andwhat has been achieved.)

• Overview the contents of the paper. (“Section II contains ourformulation of the problem. Section III contains theexperimental data...”)

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Introdction

• Open up the subject.

• Survey past work relevant to this paper.

• Describe the problem addressed in this paper, and show howthis work relates to, or augments, previous work.

• Describe the assumptions made in general terms, and statewhat results have been obtained. (This gives the reader aninitial overview of what problem is addressed in the paper andwhat has been achieved.)

• Overview the contents of the paper. (“Section II contains ourformulation of the problem. Section III contains theexperimental data...”)

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Introdction

• Open up the subject.

• Survey past work relevant to this paper.

• Describe the problem addressed in this paper, and show howthis work relates to, or augments, previous work.

• Describe the assumptions made in general terms, and statewhat results have been obtained. (This gives the reader aninitial overview of what problem is addressed in the paper andwhat has been achieved.)

• Overview the contents of the paper. (“Section II contains ourformulation of the problem. Section III contains theexperimental data...”)

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Introdction

• Open up the subject.

• Survey past work relevant to this paper.

• Describe the problem addressed in this paper, and show howthis work relates to, or augments, previous work.

• Describe the assumptions made in general terms, and statewhat results have been obtained. (This gives the reader aninitial overview of what problem is addressed in the paper andwhat has been achieved.)

• Overview the contents of the paper. (“Section II contains ourformulation of the problem. Section III contains theexperimental data...”)

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Introdction

• Open up the subject.

• Survey past work relevant to this paper.

• Describe the problem addressed in this paper, and show howthis work relates to, or augments, previous work.

• Describe the assumptions made in general terms, and statewhat results have been obtained. (This gives the reader aninitial overview of what problem is addressed in the paper andwhat has been achieved.)

• Overview the contents of the paper. (“Section II contains ourformulation of the problem. Section III contains theexperimental data...”)

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Methodology (Formulation of the Problem)

• Define the problem to be considered in detail.

• Define all terminology and notation used. Usually theterminology and notation are defined along with the problemitself.

• Develop the equations on which your results will be basedand/or describe any experimental systems.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Methodology (Formulation of the Problem)

• Define the problem to be considered in detail.

• Define all terminology and notation used. Usually theterminology and notation are defined along with the problemitself.

• Develop the equations on which your results will be basedand/or describe any experimental systems.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Methodology (Formulation of the Problem)

• Define the problem to be considered in detail.

• Define all terminology and notation used. Usually theterminology and notation are defined along with the problemitself.

• Develop the equations on which your results will be basedand/or describe any experimental systems.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Results

• This section presents the detailed results you have obtained.

• Provide a careful interpretation of what your results mean andwhy they behave as they do.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Results

• This section presents the detailed results you have obtained.

• Provide a careful interpretation of what your results mean andwhy they behave as they do.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Conclusion

The Conclusion should be written so they can be understood bysomeone who has not read the main work of the paper.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Useful tips

• You must always present the big picture first and then worktowards the details (in Introduction section).

• If you get stuck and cannot figure out how to explainsomething, a useful trick is to imagine that you are telling avery good friend what you are working on: just put down thewords as you would say them to your friend.

• After first draft, polish it after few days.

• It is easiest to leave the Introduction and Conclusion untilafter the main body of the paper is written.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Useful tips

• You must always present the big picture first and then worktowards the details (in Introduction section).

• If you get stuck and cannot figure out how to explainsomething, a useful trick is to imagine that you are telling avery good friend what you are working on: just put down thewords as you would say them to your friend.

• After first draft, polish it after few days.

• It is easiest to leave the Introduction and Conclusion untilafter the main body of the paper is written.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Useful tips

• You must always present the big picture first and then worktowards the details (in Introduction section).

• If you get stuck and cannot figure out how to explainsomething, a useful trick is to imagine that you are telling avery good friend what you are working on: just put down thewords as you would say them to your friend.

• After first draft, polish it after few days.

• It is easiest to leave the Introduction and Conclusion untilafter the main body of the paper is written.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Useful tips

• You must always present the big picture first and then worktowards the details (in Introduction section).

• If you get stuck and cannot figure out how to explainsomething, a useful trick is to imagine that you are telling avery good friend what you are working on: just put down thewords as you would say them to your friend.

• After first draft, polish it after few days.

• It is easiest to leave the Introduction and Conclusion untilafter the main body of the paper is written.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Useful tips cont...

• Ask yourself: “Can the reader understand every passagestrictly from the material up to that point?”

• If not, add material or move ideas around.

• Make sure there are not gaps in your logical arguments.

• Make sure you are not implicitly assuming that the readerunderstands something, though you have not stated it.

• The reader probably understands less than you think.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Useful tips cont...

• Ask yourself: “Can the reader understand every passagestrictly from the material up to that point?”

• If not, add material or move ideas around.

• Make sure there are not gaps in your logical arguments.

• Make sure you are not implicitly assuming that the readerunderstands something, though you have not stated it.

• The reader probably understands less than you think.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Useful tips cont...

• Ask yourself: “Can the reader understand every passagestrictly from the material up to that point?”

• If not, add material or move ideas around.

• Make sure there are not gaps in your logical arguments.

• Make sure you are not implicitly assuming that the readerunderstands something, though you have not stated it.

• The reader probably understands less than you think.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Useful tips cont...

• Ask yourself: “Can the reader understand every passagestrictly from the material up to that point?”

• If not, add material or move ideas around.

• Make sure there are not gaps in your logical arguments.

• Make sure you are not implicitly assuming that the readerunderstands something, though you have not stated it.

• The reader probably understands less than you think.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Useful tips cont...

• Ask yourself: “Can the reader understand every passagestrictly from the material up to that point?”

• If not, add material or move ideas around.

• Make sure there are not gaps in your logical arguments.

• Make sure you are not implicitly assuming that the readerunderstands something, though you have not stated it.

• The reader probably understands less than you think.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Useful tips cont...

• Make sure the ideas in the paper are in the right order.

• At the beginning of each section ⇒ the purpose of thatsection.

• At the end of each section, ⇒ remind completed task.Then point out what the purpose of the next section will be,and so forth.

• Check each paragraph for unity. means, you should not mixdifferent ideas together in the same paragraph.

• Each sentence should clearly communicate your thought.

• Polish and polish.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Useful tips cont...

• Make sure the ideas in the paper are in the right order.

• At the beginning of each section ⇒ the purpose of thatsection.

• At the end of each section, ⇒ remind completed task.Then point out what the purpose of the next section will be,and so forth.

• Check each paragraph for unity. means, you should not mixdifferent ideas together in the same paragraph.

• Each sentence should clearly communicate your thought.

• Polish and polish.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Useful tips cont...

• Make sure the ideas in the paper are in the right order.

• At the beginning of each section ⇒ the purpose of thatsection.

• At the end of each section, ⇒ remind completed task.Then point out what the purpose of the next section will be,and so forth.

• Check each paragraph for unity. means, you should not mixdifferent ideas together in the same paragraph.

• Each sentence should clearly communicate your thought.

• Polish and polish.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Useful tips cont...

• Make sure the ideas in the paper are in the right order.

• At the beginning of each section ⇒ the purpose of thatsection.

• At the end of each section, ⇒ remind completed task.Then point out what the purpose of the next section will be,and so forth.

• Check each paragraph for unity. means, you should not mixdifferent ideas together in the same paragraph.

• Each sentence should clearly communicate your thought.

• Polish and polish.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Useful tips cont...

• Make sure the ideas in the paper are in the right order.

• At the beginning of each section ⇒ the purpose of thatsection.

• At the end of each section, ⇒ remind completed task.Then point out what the purpose of the next section will be,and so forth.

• Check each paragraph for unity. means, you should not mixdifferent ideas together in the same paragraph.

• Each sentence should clearly communicate your thought.

• Polish and polish.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Useful tips cont...

• Make sure the ideas in the paper are in the right order.

• At the beginning of each section ⇒ the purpose of thatsection.

• At the end of each section, ⇒ remind completed task.Then point out what the purpose of the next section will be,and so forth.

• Check each paragraph for unity. means, you should not mixdifferent ideas together in the same paragraph.

• Each sentence should clearly communicate your thought.

• Polish and polish.

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Thank you

Outline Research Plagiarism Writing a quality manuscript

Doubts???

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