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Router Fundamentals
Chapter 4
Chapter 4 2
Chapter Objectives
Explain router components Explain router installation Discuss router boot sequence Define Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Explain Command Line Interface (CLI) Perform initial router configuration Set hostname, banners and passwords for the
router Manage the configuration register
Chapter 4 3
Recall - I Different network devices include:
Hubs Routers Switches Bridges Repeaters
Different types of hubs include: Active Passive Hybrid
Chapter 4 4
Recall - II
Different WAN devices include: WAN Switch Access Server Modem Channel Service Unit ISDN Terminal Adapter
Chapter 4 5
Router Components
Router components allow the router to enter the bootup process, load its operating system, and configuration files
Router Components
Processor ROM RAM Flash NVRAMConfiguration
Register
Chapter 4 6
Router Boot Sequence
The router requires all the router components during its bootup
Chapter 4 7
Internetwork Operating System IOS acts as an interface between the network
devices and the user It is stored in the flash memory of the router The Cisco IOS software requires the processor of
the system for configuring and maintaining the network devices
Different features of IOS include: Support for different technologies Scalability Security
Chapter 4 8
Router Ports
Router ports help to configure the router, verify its configuration and access Cisco IOS
Router Ports
Console Port Auxiliary Port
Chapter 4 9
Rear Panel of the Cisco Router
Chapter 4 10
CLI Modes
Chapter 4 11
CLI Prompts
CLI prompts allow you to navigate and recognize the mode that you have entered
CLI prompts include: Interfaces Sub-Interfaces Line Router
Chapter 4 12
Accessing Help and History
Command Description
? Help for all available commands in the mode
Command ? Describes all the first parameters of the command
com? Lists the commands that begin with com
command parm? Lists the characters that begin with parm
command parm<Tab>
When the tab is pressed in between the word, the CLI completes the word. If the CLI is idle, it indicates that the typed characters can form more possible words
command parm1 ? Lists all the next parameters and their description
Chapter 4 13
Enhanced Editing Commands - I The enhanced editing commands include:
Ctrl + A - Moves the cursor to the beginning of a line
Ctrl+E - Moves the cursor to the end of the line Esc+B - Move the cursor back by one word Ctrl+B - Move the cursor back by one character Ctrl+F - Move the cursor forward by one character Esc+F - Move the cursor forward by one word Ctrl+D - Deletes one character
Chapter 4 14
Enhanced Editing Commands - II
Backspace - Deletes one character Ctrl+R - Recalls a line Ctrl+U - Deletes a line Ctrl+W - Deletes a word Ctrl+Z - Returns to EXEC from the configuration
mode Tab - Finishes typing a word
Chapter 4 15
Router History Commands
Command Description
Ctrl+P or Up arrow Displays the last command entered
Ctrl+N or Down arrow Displays the previously entered commands
show history Displays the last 10 command entered
show terminal Displays terminal configuration and size of history buffer
terminal history size Allows to change the buffer size
Chapter 4 16
Router Administrative Functions Router administrative functions allow easy
troubleshooting and maintenance of routers Router administrative function include:
Assigning hostname Assigning banners setting password
Chapter 4 17
Banners
Banner is a message displayed to all the users when they access the router through Telnet, console and auxiliary ports
It can be used to display information about the router itself or nay kind of security message
Four types of banners available for the Cisco routers are: Message of the day banner Exec process creation banner Incoming terminal line banner Login banner
Chapter 4 18
Summary - I
The router components enable the router to start the boot up process, load its operating system, and load its configuration files
The Power-On-Self-Test or the POST component provides a series of diagnostic tests for the router
The POST is a series of 14 tests that run in the reverse numerical order
The bootstrap program or the ROM Monitor component enables you to initialize the processor hardware when the router boots
Chapter 4 19
Summary - II
The bootstrap program loads the IOS image for the router
The different values for the image in the configuration register are: 0x0 - Boots the router into ROM monitor mode 0x1 - Boots the router using the Mini-IOS 0x2–0xF - Boots the router using the default boot
sequence
Chapter 4 20
Summary - III
The boot system commands in the startup-config file are: boot system flash IOS filename - Enables you to
boot from flash memory boot system tftp IOS filename tftp server ip
address - Enables you to boot from a TFTP server boot system rom - Enables you boot from system
ROM
Chapter 4 21
Summary - IV
The bootstrap program offers a console-based interface or monitor for working with the program
Mini-IOS component provides an alternate file for the router boot up, if the existing image file is unavailable
ROM monitor is a component stored in the microcode of RAM
The flash memory contains IOS using which the router can boot
Chapter 4 22
Summary - V
NVRAM or Non-Volatile RAM is a type of random access memory that stores the configuration files for the router
Configuration register is a component that controls the booting process of a router
The router can be connected through console port, auxillary port or Telnet program
CLI is a character or text based interface that allows manual configuration of the router
User Exec Mode enables you to work with the router and execute very simple commands
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