Recent advances in new separation technology

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  Dr.V.S.SapkalDr.V.S.Sapkal

Professor & Head,Professor & Head, Department of Chemical Technology,Department of Chemical Technology,

Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, AmravatiAmravati

RECENT ADVANCES IN NEW SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY

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Comparative Evaluation Of Separation Technology

Physical /chemical property

Separation process

Size Filtration, microfiltration, dialysis, gas separation, gel permeatin chromatography

Vapor pressure Distillation, membrane distillation

Freezing point Crystallization 

Affinity Extraction, adsorption, reverse osmosis, gas separation, pervaporation, affinity chromatography

Charge Ion exchange, electrodialysis, electrophoresis, diffusion dialysis

Density 

Centrifugation

Chemical nature Complexation, carrier mediated transport

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Distictive benefits of Distictive benefits of membrane processmembrane process

Energy consumption is generally lowEnergy consumption is generally low Membrane processes can be easily combined Membrane processes can be easily combined

with other separation processes(hybrid with other separation processes(hybrid processing)processing)

Separation can be carried out under mild Separation can be carried out under mild conditionsconditions

Up scaling is easy.Up scaling is easy. Membrane properties are variable and can Membrane properties are variable and can

be adjusted.be adjusted. No additives are required. No additives are required.

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Schematic representation of preferential flow capillary flow noted for reverse osmosis separations of sodium chloride from aqueous solutions

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Details of membrane module design.

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Factors considered to affect Factors considered to affect fouling of a membrane arefouling of a membrane are

1. Membrane Properties1. Membrane Properties::

• • Hydrophilicity.Hydrophilicity.• • Surface topography.Surface topography..• Pore size..• Pore size.• • Surface modification.Surface modification.2. Solute Properties2. Solute Properties::• • ProteinsProteins• • SaltsSalts• • PHPH• • Lipids fats and oils.Lipids fats and oils.• • Antifoams.Antifoams.• • Humic substances.Humic substances.

3. Process Engineering:3. Process Engineering:

• • Temperature.Temperature.

• • Flow rate and turbulence.Flow rate and turbulence.

• • Pressure.Pressure.

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Membrane analysisMembrane analysis SEM-EDS and ATR-FTIR analysesSEM-EDS and ATR-FTIR analyses Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive

X-ray spectrometry(SED-EDS), X-ray spectrometry(SED-EDS), JEOL 5800 Scanning JEOL 5800 Scanning Microscope and Link ISIS software were used.Microscope and Link ISIS software were used.

Attenuated total reflection method of Fourier Attenuated total reflection method of Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR)Transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR) analysis analysis were done by using Perkin-Elmer 2000 FTIR were done by using Perkin-Elmer 2000 FTIR apparatusapparatus

Direct observation through the membraneDirect observation through the membrane In this method, a microscope objective was positioned In this method, a microscope objective was positioned

at the permeate side of a transparent membrane and at the permeate side of a transparent membrane and particle deposition was observed in real time by the particle deposition was observed in real time by the

microscopemicroscope..

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Performance improvement Performance improvement of of membrane processesmembrane processes Influence of cross-flow velocity on membrane Influence of cross-flow velocity on membrane

performance performance

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VSEP mechanism compared to cross flow

•VSEP (Vibratory Shear Enhanced Process) technique

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Immersed membranes – Immersed membranes – internal/externalinternal/external

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Characteristics of MembraneCharacteristics of Membrane

Membrane Membrane ProcessProcess

Feed Feed Phase / Phase / Permeate Permeate PhasePhase

Driving Driving ForceForce

Membr-Membr-aneane

Main Main ApplicationApplication

PevaporationPevaporation Liquid / Liquid / VapourVapour

Chemical Chemical Potential Potential GradientGradient

Dense, Dense, LiophilicLiophilic

Separation Separation of Liquid of Liquid MixturesMixtures

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