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Interventions for Struggling StudentsPresenters: Monica Wilkins and Elaine McCullough
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Interventions for Struggling ReadersInterventions for
Struggling Readers
Monica WilkinsElaine McCullough
Monica WilkinsElaine McCullough
InterventionsInterventions
Are… student specific and designed to close
learning gaps
Are not… individual assistance in completing
worksheets or assignments
Are… student specific and designed to close
learning gaps
Are not… individual assistance in completing
worksheets or assignments
Planning InterventionsPlanning Interventions
3 Step Process
Step 1: Diagnose Needs Step 2: Prepare Materials Step 3: Implement Interventions
3 Step Process
Step 1: Diagnose Needs Step 2: Prepare Materials Step 3: Implement Interventions
Step 1: Diagnose NeedsStep 1: Diagnose Needs
student specific use a diagnostic tool
Running Record STAR Reading STAR Early Literacy Independent Reading Inventory/Level Reading Series Placement Test
student specific use a diagnostic tool
Running Record STAR Reading STAR Early Literacy Independent Reading Inventory/Level Reading Series Placement Test
Step 2: Prepare MaterialsStep 2: Prepare Materials
K-2 Phonemic
Awareness Phonics Decoding
Strategies Tracking Form
K-2 Phonemic
Awareness Phonics Decoding
Strategies Tracking Form
3-5 Sight Word Fluency
Sets of 10 words within 12 seconds
Comprehension Sentence structure and
comprehension using drawings
Passages using quick draws
Tracking Form
3-5 Sight Word Fluency
Sets of 10 words within 12 seconds
Comprehension Sentence structure and
comprehension using drawings
Passages using quick draws
Tracking Form
Step 3: Implement Interventions
Classroom, SIP, Reading Lab
Step 3: Implement Interventions
Classroom, SIP, Reading LabClassroom Interventions
any student 10-15 minutes daily Intervention Form / Ideas
When???? first 5 minutes of recess 5 minutes while others are packing extra group rotation 10 minutes extra for struggling group
Classroom Interventions any student 10-15 minutes daily Intervention Form / Ideas
When???? first 5 minutes of recess 5 minutes while others are packing extra group rotation 10 minutes extra for struggling group
SIP: Speedy Intervention Practices
SIP: Speedy Intervention Practices
Students with an IEP in place
15 minutes of pull-out daily
Students with an IEP in place
15 minutes of pull-out daily
Speedy Intervention PracticesSpeedy Intervention Practices
Reading LabReading Lab
Reading LabReading Lab
Individualized self-paced instruction for improving skills
Students in grades 2-4 attend for 45 minutes a day
Instruction follows the Marie Carbo Recorded-Book Method
Student progress is evaluated quarterly to determine need for services
Individualized self-paced instruction for improving skills
Students in grades 2-4 attend for 45 minutes a day
Instruction follows the Marie Carbo Recorded-Book Method
Student progress is evaluated quarterly to determine need for services
What is the Carbo Method?
What is the Carbo Method?
Recorded readings are above the student’s independent level.
Recorded:Slow paceShort phrasesGood expressionSmall amounts
Recorded readings are above the student’s independent level.
Recorded:Slow paceShort phrasesGood expressionSmall amounts
Effective Fluency Instruction
Effective Fluency Instruction
Makes word recognition automatic and effortless
Emphasizes rhythm and expression
Makes word recognition automatic and effortless
Emphasizes rhythm and expression
Results of Carbo Recordings
Results of Carbo Recordings
ReduceStress
ImproveFluency, comprehension, vocabulary,
language, pronunciationIncrease
MotivationConfidence
ReduceStress
ImproveFluency, comprehension, vocabulary,
language, pronunciationIncrease
MotivationConfidence
What the Student DoesWhat the Student Does
RelaxesListens to recorded story 2-3 times
while looking at written materialStudent tracks with finger while
listeningTimed read-back and conference
with teacher
RelaxesListens to recorded story 2-3 times
while looking at written materialStudent tracks with finger while
listeningTimed read-back and conference
with teacher
Why the Carbo Method WorksWhy the Carbo Method Works
Increases learning and comprehensionAddresses multiple intelligencesHigh-interest stories have high meaning
to the brainThe brain is a pattern sorterWith sufficient modeling of the text, the
brain automatically identifies word patterns and begins to decipher unknown words
Increases learning and comprehensionAddresses multiple intelligencesHigh-interest stories have high meaning
to the brainThe brain is a pattern sorterWith sufficient modeling of the text, the
brain automatically identifies word patterns and begins to decipher unknown words
Picture It!Picture It!
Picture It!Picture It!
Graphic organizer to help students recall the five story elements
Uses acronym “STORY”S - SettingT - Talking charactersO - Oops, a problem!R - Attempts to resolve the problemY - Yes, the problem is solved
Graphic organizer to help students recall the five story elements
Uses acronym “STORY”S - SettingT - Talking charactersO - Oops, a problem!R - Attempts to resolve the problemY - Yes, the problem is solved
Picture It!Picture It!
Sets up a sequence to help readers anticipate the way in which the story unfolds
Comprehension is the goalVisualizationKnowledge of story elements
Sets up a sequence to help readers anticipate the way in which the story unfolds
Comprehension is the goalVisualizationKnowledge of story elements
Nonfiction ApplicationNonfiction Application
T - Topic tells what the story is aboutR - Record three facts about the topicU - Use context clues to understand
vocabularyE - End with a summary that tells the
most important thing about the topic
T - Topic tells what the story is aboutR - Record three facts about the topicU - Use context clues to understand
vocabularyE - End with a summary that tells the
most important thing about the topic
Sophisticated WordsSophisticated Words
Sophisticated WordsSophisticated Words
Vocabulary is a critical factor in development of reading skills.
Vocabulary knowledge is one of the best predictors of reading comprehension, reading performance in general, and school achievement.
Vocabulary is a critical factor in development of reading skills.
Vocabulary knowledge is one of the best predictors of reading comprehension, reading performance in general, and school achievement.
Sophisticated Words to Use in the Classroom
Sophisticated Words to Use in the Classroom
Accumulate AdjacentAffable Amiable Ascertain DiscourteousElucidate Erroneous
Accumulate AdjacentAffable Amiable Ascertain DiscourteousElucidate Erroneous
ExemplaryHalt Invalid Linger Proceed Proficient RectifyVerbalize
ExemplaryHalt Invalid Linger Proceed Proficient RectifyVerbalize
Sophisticated WordsSophisticated Words
Particularly appropriate for instructionWords are not likely to be
encountered or learned through typical interaction with academic materials or everyday conversation
Expands vocabulary breadth and depth
Particularly appropriate for instructionWords are not likely to be
encountered or learned through typical interaction with academic materials or everyday conversation
Expands vocabulary breadth and depth
Pic-Wizard VocabularyPic-Wizard Vocabulary
Pic-Wizard VocabularyPic-Wizard Vocabulary
Self-checking vocabulary cardsFocus on a variety of skills
SynonymsAntonymsMultiple Meaning WordsContext CluesPhonics SkillsEnglish Skills
Self-checking vocabulary cardsFocus on a variety of skills
SynonymsAntonymsMultiple Meaning WordsContext CluesPhonics SkillsEnglish Skills
Additional ResourcesAdditional Resources
Bringing Words to LifeIsabel Beck
The Vocabulary-Rich Classroom: Modeling Sophisticated Word Use to Promote Word Consciousness and Vocabulary Growth from The Reading Teacher, 63 (5)Holly Lane and Stephanie Allen
Picture It! from The Reading Teacher, 63 (1)Victoria Naughton
Bringing Words to LifeIsabel Beck
The Vocabulary-Rich Classroom: Modeling Sophisticated Word Use to Promote Word Consciousness and Vocabulary Growth from The Reading Teacher, 63 (5)Holly Lane and Stephanie Allen
Picture It! from The Reading Teacher, 63 (1)Victoria Naughton
Contact InformationContact Information
Monica Wilkins mwilkins@tipton-county.com
Elaine McCullough emccullough@tipton-county.com
Monica Wilkins mwilkins@tipton-county.com
Elaine McCullough emccullough@tipton-county.com
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