Pronouns

PROUNOUNS

PRONOUNSPREPARED BY:MUHAMMAD FAUZI BIN SHA ’ARIHASLINA BINTI IBRAHIMNUR AIN BINTI MOHAMAD ROSLANSITI SARAH ADNIN BINTI WAN ISMAILNURUL AJIRAH BINTI NOORIZHAB

A pronoun can replace a noun or another pronoun.

They are used instead of nouns to prevent repetition of the noun to which they refer.

One of the most common pronouns is it. Grammarians classify pronouns into

several types, including the demonstrative pronoun, the interrogative pronoun, the indefinite pronoun, the relative pronoun, the reflexive pronoun, and the intensive pronoun.

WHAT IS A PRONOUNS?

DEMONSTRATIV

E

NOUNS

Demonstrate : to show , to indicate; to point to

A demonstrative pronoun represents a thing or things; near in distance (this, these) or far in distance (that, those)

Near Far

Singular this These

Plural that Those

EXAMPLES

We bought this last year.(“ this” refers to something that near to the speaker.)

You take these bags and I'll take those. ("Those" refers to bags that are at a distance from the speaker.)

Demonstrative Nouns

INTERROGATIVE

NOUNS

Interrogative nouns is use to ask question.

Also known as wh- words because most of the start with wh-

Use in direct and indirect question.

Interrogative words include:-

-interrogative determiner

--interrogative pro-form

-iterrogative pro-adverb

interrogative determiner

interrogative pro-form

iterrogative pro-adverb

which,what,whose who,whom, (personal) whose (inpersonal)

- where (location)- whence (source)- whither (goal)- when (time)- how (manner)- why,wherefore (reason)- whether (choice of location)

Which wants to see the dentist first?

Who wrote the novel Rockbound?

What did she say?

Who will meet the delegates at the train station?

To whom do you wish to speak?

EXAMPLES

Interrogative Nouns

PERSONAL

NOUNS

Personal PronounsPersonal pronouns represent specific

people or things. We use them depending on:

Number Person Gender Case

Possessive Personal Pronouns

Objective Personal Pronouns

Subjective Personal Pronouns

A possessive pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as a marker of possession and defines who owns a particular object or person.

The possessive personal pronouns are “mine”, “yours”, “hers”, “his”, “its”, “ours”, and “theirs”.

An objective personal pronouns indicates that the pronoun is acting as an object of a verb, compound verb, preposition, or infinite phrase. The objective personal pronouns are : “me”, “you”, and “them”.

A subjective personal pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as the subject of the sentences. The subjective personal pronouns are “I”,“she”, “he”, “we”, “you”, “they”.

number person gender

personal pronouns

subject object

singular

1st male/female I me

2nd male/female you you

3rd

male he him

female she her

neuter it it

plural

1st male/female we us

2nd male/female you you

3rd male/female/neuter they them

EXAMPLES

I like coffee.

She is beautiful.

He is an active student in his class.

We are studying in a same class.

It is raining today.

Personal Nouns

REFLEXIVE

NOUNS

Reflexive nouns is use to refer back to subject of the sentence or clause; like a mirror.

Reflexive nouns usually ends with –self (singular) or –elves (plural)

There are eight reflexive pronouns:-

Reflexive nouns

singular plural

Myself Ourselves

Yourself Yourselves

Himself Themselves

Herself

Itself

EXAMPLESReflexive nouns

Maryam go to the library by herself.

Farhan repairs his Lamborghini sport car by himself.

After the party, I asked myself why I had faxed invitations to everyone in my office building.

The President himself promised to stop the war.

Although the landlord promised to paint the apartment, we ended up doing it ourselves.

MIRROR??

RECIPROCAL

NOUNS

Reciprocal nouns is use when each of two or more subjects is acting in the same way towards the other.

The action is reciprocated. For instance, Siti is chatting with Haliza and Haliza is chatting with Siti.

Easier way : Siti and Haliza are chatting to each other.

Two examples:-

- Each other

- One another

EXAMPLES

Reciprocal Nouns

Why don't you believe each other?

Both teams played hard against each other.

The whole student are helping one another.

The ten prisoners were all blaming one another.

RELATIVE NOUNS

Relative pronoun is used to link one phrase or clause to another phrase or clause.

Relative Pronouns - who, whom, that,which, whoever,

whomever, whichever

Subject or Object:

As the relative pronouns relate to another noun preceeding it in the sentence, they connect a dependent clause to an antecedent ( a noun that precedes the pronoun )

EXAMPLES

Relative Nouns

The person whom I phoned last night is my teacher.

The car which I drive is old.

The police are looking for the car whosedriver was masked.

The car, which was a taxi, exploded.

Mrs Pratt, whom I like very much, is my teacher.

INDEFINITE

NOUNS

An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun referring to an identifiable but not specified person or thing.

An indefinite pronoun conveys the idea of all, any, none, or some.

Note that some indefinite pronouns can also be used as indefinite adjectives

Indefinite pronouns

all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, each, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, nobody, none,

one, several, some, somebody, someone

EXAMPLES

Many were invited to the lunch but only twelve showed up.

The office had been searched and everything was thrown onto the floor.

Although they looked everywhere for extra copies of the magazine, they found none.

We donated everything we found in the attic to the woman's shelter garage sale.

Indefinite Nouns

THANK YOU