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A Transformative Response to Major Societal Challenges
PEACE EDUCATION:
Define the concept of peace in a holistic way;
Explain the contribution or importance of peace education in the quest for positive social changes or transformation;
Identify and explain the key themes of peace education;
Describe the attributes of a peaceful classroom and teacher; and
Discuss some of the most important peaceable teaching-learning approaches used in peace education
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The greatest resource for building a culture of peace are the people themselves, for it is through them that peaceful relationships and structure are created.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Peace building refers generally to the long-term period of building peaceful communities, a desirable goal.
INTRODUCTION
The Philippines and the whole world as well have many problems that arise from many forms of violence. An education that responds to these challenges should be encouraged and supported.
Our young people in particular need new perspectives, skills and value orientations that will enable them to build relationships and structures that lead to positive change and human well-being.
INTRODUCTION
A culture of peace must replace the current culture of violence if we and our common home, planet Earth, are to survive.
INTRODUCTION
Our ideas shape our feelings and our actions, as well as how we live, and how we relate to each other.
A HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF PEACE
A HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF PEACE
He has argued for a change in thinking, about both concepts and values, as a necessary first step to solve our many problems today (Capra, 1982).
Fritjof Capra (1982)
A HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF PEACE
Hugo Grotius (1695)
Early secular writings on the subject of peace indicate that peace was defined as merely the absence of war or direct violence. (Dobrosielski, 1987).
A HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF PEACE
The simplest and most widespread understanding of peace was that of absence of death and destruction as a result of war and physical/direct violence.
Late 1960s
e.g. Ways in which people suffer from violence built into society via its social, political and economic systems (Hicks, 1987).
A HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF PEACE
INDIRECTor
STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE
DIRECT
Structural violence also led to death and suffering because of the conditions that resulted from it: extreme poverty, starvation, avoidable diseases, discrimination against minority groups and denial of human rights.
A HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF PEACE
A HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF PEACE
Peace is the absence of violence, not only personal or direct, but also structural or indirect.
Peace is both the absence of personal/direct violence, and the presence of social justice.
Johan Galtung (1995)
DEFINING PEACE
PEACE
POSITIVE PEACE
SOCIO-CULTURAL VIOLENCE
STRUCTURAL
VIOLENCE
NEGATIVE PEACE
ECOLOGICAL VIOLENCE
VIOLENCE
DIRECT VIOLENCE
Absence of direct/ physical violence (both micro and macro)
e.g. war, torture child and woman abuse
Presence of conditions of well-being and just relationships: social, economic, political and ecological
e.g. poverty, hunger
e.g. racism, sexism, religious intolerance
e.g. pollution, overconsumption
LEVELS OF PEACE
Harmony w/ the self
Harmony w/ Others
Harmony w/ the Sacred Source
Harmony w/ Nature
A peace educator who has made significant contributions to the field, defines violence as “humanly inflicted harm”
TYPES OF VIOLENCE
Betty Reardon
A TYPOLOGY OF VIOLENCE(ADAPTED FROM THE CONCEPTUAL MAP FORMULATED
BYTOH SWEE-HIN AND VIRGINIA CAWAGAS)
Level/ Form of violence
Personal Interpersonal/ community
National Global
Direct/Physical Suicide, drug abuse
Domestic violence, violent crimes
Civil war, violent crimes, human rights abuses
Conventional war, nuclear war, human rights abuses
Structural Powerlessness, alienation, low self-esteem, anxiety
Local inequalities, poverty, hunger, prejudice, cultural domination, racism, sexism, religious intolerance
National inequalities, poverty, hunger, prejudice, cultural domination, racism, sexism, religious intolerance
Global inequalities, poverty, hunger, prejudice, cultural domination, racism, sexism, religious intolerance
Ecological Over-consumption
Over-consumption, pollution
Over-consumption, pollution, chemical and biological warfare
Over-consumption, pollution, chemical and biological warfare
Level/ Form of violence
Personal Interpersonal/ community
National Global
A TYPOLOGY OF VIOLENCE(ADAPTED FROM THE CONCEPTUAL MAP FORMULATED
BYTOH SWEE-HIN AND VIRGINIA CAWAGAS)
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