Paragraph writing 1

Paragraph Writing

Functional English

Parts of a Paragraph

1. Topic Sentence2. Supporting Details3. Closing Sentence

Parts of a Paragraph

1. Topic Sentence:– First sentence in a paragraph

• What does it do?– It introduces the main idea of the paragraph.

• How do I write one? – Summarize the main idea of your paragraph.– Indicate to the reader what your paragraph will be

about.

ExampleThere are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live

Parts of a Paragraph

2. What are supporting sentences? – They come after the topic sentence, making up

the body of a paragraph. • What do they do? – They give details to develop and support the main

idea of the paragraph. • How do I write them?– You should give supporting facts, details, and

examples.

ExampleThere are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live

Parts of a Paragraph

3. What is the closing sentence?– The closing sentence is the last sentence in a

paragraph.• What does it do?– It restates the main idea of your paragraph.

• How do I write one?– Restate the main idea of the paragraph using

different words.

ExampleThere are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.

How to Write a Paragraph

1. Prewriting Paragraphs2. Writing Paragraphs3. Editing Paragraphs4. Publishing Paragraphs

How to Write a Paragraph

1. Prewriting Paragraphs:1. Think carefully about what you are going to write2. Brainstorm the ideas and do the rough work3. Collect facts related to your paragraph or essay

topic4. Write down your own ideas5. Find the main idea of your paragraph or essay 6. Organize your facts and ideas in a way that develops

your main idea.

2. Writing stage is when you turn your ideas into sentences. Five Writing Steps: 1. Open your notebook/ word processor.2. Write the topic sentence, supporting sentences, and

closing sentence.3. Write clear and simple sentences to express your

meaning.4. Focus on the main idea of your paragraph.5. Use the dictionary to help you find additional words to

express your ideas.

How to Write a Paragraph

3. Editing stage is when you check your paragraph for mistakes and correct them.• Grammar & Spelling 1. Check spelling and grammar.2. Read your paragraph/essay again critically.3. Make sure each sentence has a subject.4. See if your subjects and verbs agree with each other.5. Check the verb tenses of each sentence.6. Make sure that each sentence makes sense.• Style & Organization 1. Make sure your paragraph has a topic sentence.2. Make sure your supporting sentences focus on the main idea.3. Make sure you have a closing sentence.4. Check that all your sentences focus on the main idea.5. See if your paragraph is interesting.

How to Write a Paragraph

How to Write a Paragraph

4. Publishing stage is when you produce a final copy of your paragraph to hand in.

1. Make a paper copy of your paragraph2. Proof read it

Kinds of Paragraphs

1. Definition2. Classification3. Description4. Compare and Contrast5. Sequence6. Choice7. Explanation8. Evaluation

Kinds of Paragraphs

• Definition Paragraph:• You take a thing or an idea and explain what it is.• Example: Write a paragraph giving the definition of a

pest. • Helpful words for Definition Paragraph:

1. "is defined as"Example: A pest is defined as any animal or plant that damages crops, forests, or property. 2. "is a kind of"Example: A pest is a kind of animal or plant that damages crops, forests, or property.

Kinds of Paragraphs

• Classification Paragraph:• You group things or ideas into specific categories. • Example: Write a paragraph discussing two types

of energy resources. • Helpful words for Classification Paragraph: • is a kind of, can be divided into, is a type of, falls

under, belongs to, is a part of, fits into, is grouped with, is related to, is associated with etc

Kinds of Paragraphs• Description Paragraph:• You are writing about what a person, place, or thing is like.

Sometimes, you may describe where a place is located. • Example: Write a paragraph describing what a polar bear looks

like. • Example: Describe where Canada's industry is located. • Helpful words for Description Paragraph: • Properties: size, color, shape, purpose• Measurement: length, width, mass/ weight, speed• Analogy: is like, resembles• Location: in, above, below, beside, near, north/ south/ east/

west

Kinds of Paragraphs

• Compare & Contrast Paragraph:• You write about the similarities and differences

between two or more people, places, things, or ideas.

• Example: Write a paragraph comparing the weather in Karachi and Maree.

• Helpful words for compare & contrast Paragraph: • Similarities: is similar to, both, also, too, as well• Differences: on the other hand, how ever, but, in

contrast, differs from, while, unlike

Kinds of Paragraphs

• Sequence Paragraph:• You are writing to describe a series of events or a

process in some sort of order. • Usually, this order is based on time.• Example: Write a paragraph outlining how a person

becomes the prime minister. • Helpful words for Sequence Paragraph: • Order: first/ second/ third, etc. , in the beginning,

before, then, after, finally, at last, subsequently• Time: recently, previously, afterwards ,when, after

Kinds of Paragraphs

• Choice Paragraph:• You have to make a choice, you need to choose

which object, idea, or action that you prefer. Often, you will need to give your opinion on a choice of actions or events.

• Example: Write a paragraph stating whether you would prefer to play hockey or cricket.

• Helpful words for Choice Paragraph: • In my opinion, belief, idea, understanding, I think

that, I consider, I believe, it seems to me, I prefer, like/dislike, hope, feel

• Explanation Paragraph:• You need to explain how or why something

happens. • Exploring causes and effects of certain events.

Example: Write a paragraph explaining why so many Europeans moved to Canada during the nineteenth century.

• Helpful words for Explanation Paragraph: • Because, since, as a result of, is due to,

therefore, thus, consequently, hence

Kinds of Paragraphs

Kinds of Paragraphs

• Evaluation Paragraph:• You make judgments about people, ideas, and possible

actions. • Evaluation is based on certain criteria that you develop. • State your evaluation or recommendation and then support

it by referring to your criteria.• Example: Write a paragraph evaluating whether pesticides

should be used on farms. • Helpful words for Evaluation Paragraph: • Good/bad, correct/incorrect, moral/immoral, right/wrong,

important/ trivial, suggest, recommend, advise, argue

Exercise 1• Read the following paragraph and identify the topic sentence, three

supporting details, and a concluding sentence.• There are three reasons why I prefer jogging to other

sports. One reason is that jogging is a cheap sport. I can practice it anywhere at any time with no need for a ball or any other equipment. Another reason why I prefer jogging is that it is friendly to my heart. I don’t have to exhaust myself or do excessive efforts while jogging. Finally, I prefer this sport because it is safe. It isn’t as risky as other sports like gymnastics, racing or horseback riding. For all these reasons, I consider jogging the best sport of all.

Exercise 2

• Write one topic sentence for each of the following topics: – Your hometown– A place you would like to travel to.– (Another topic of your own choosing)

• Choose one of the above topics and write ONE complete paragraph about it. You should use a good topic sentence, adequately detailed supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence.

The End