Pactices of GPS/GIS in/for rural development

FIELD PRACTICES WITH GPS-GIS IN/FOR

RURAL DEVELOPME

NTBy

Takahiro Miyoshi

TAKAHIRO MIYOSHI A long-term expert dispatched to a JICA

program in Zambia (Since 2005 …. Now…. Too long?)

Title: Monitoring and Participatory Community Activities Facilitation Advisor

Subject: Monitoring and Evaluation

Ex-job: Consultant and PCM trainer

Practitioner, not academic but like to learn and use new knowledge / skills

OBJECTIVE

To learn practices of GPS-GIS in rural development from my experiences in Zambia and Japan

BEFORE STARTING Does you computer has Google Earth? Do you have the data as follows?

ChiliayekaVillage.gdbMicroProjectsInChongwe.gdb

A small announcement10:30-12:00

Exercise in GPS/GIS 13:00-14:00

Fun game with GPS

STRUCTURE (8:45-10:15)

1. Basics of GPS-GIS2. Practices “in” Rural

Development3. Practices “for” Rural

Development4. Exercises

WHAT IS GPS?

GPS, which stands for Global Positioning System, is the only system today able to show you your exact position on the Earth anytime, in any weather, anywhere.

The three parts of GPS are:SatellitesReceiversSoftware

GPS Receivers

How Signals are Sent/Received

Radio Waves

What Affects a GPS Signal

Multi-Path Error

Atmospheric Error

Human Error

WHAT IS GIS

A geographical Information System (GIS)

Collection of software that Allows you to:

Create Visualize Query and analyze geospatial data

11

GIS CONCEPTS ARE NOT NEW!

London cholera epidemic 1854

Cholera death

Water pump

Soho

+

12

GIS: HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDThis technology has developed from:

Digital cartography and CADData Base Management Systems

1

2

3

ATTRIBID X,Y123

ID123

CAD System(Computer Aided Design)

Data Base Management System

SPATIAL DATA STORAGE

Vector model

Raster model

point

1,6

2,5

5,4

4,1

7,105,9

4,7

6,68,6

9,8

line

polygon

2,2

5 10

5

10

as geometric objects: points, lines, polygons

as image files composed of grid-cells (pixels)

SPATIAL DATA Raster

Vector

Data Model And Structure

RASTER MODEL VECTOR MODEL

LET’S PLAY “GOOGLE EARTH”

Let’s find your home (country) and measure the distance to here.

STRUCTURE (8:45-10:15)

1. Basics of GPS-GIS2. Practices “in” Rural

Development3. Practices “for” Rural

Development4. Exercises

BACKGROUND In Rural Development, geographical

information is not well known. A map of your field is not prepared or the information is incomplete or/and obsolete.

Without geographical information, you will encounter following challenges,Lost “in the middle of nowhere”You can not reach or come back homeLack of a Bird-view (i.e. macro view) to

capture the area as a wholeLack of an accurate information (all depend

on hear-say information from villagers)

USEFUL FUNCTIONS

1. Recording2. Navigating3. Mapping4. Route Planning5. Distance-Area

Calculation

GPS

GIS

1. RECORDING By using GPS (tracking log), you

can record where you have been with GPS.

This information will be useful for writing field report, especially useful for anthropologic and social studies.

GPS only tracks where you have been on what time, so you have to record what you see on what time, to be combined when you write a report.

(demo)

2. NAVIGATION By using GPS (tracking), you know how

you move even in a jungle. No more “lost in the middle of no where”! GPS is also a powerful tool to navigate

you which direction you should go by putting the target point (aka. waypoint), even in a jungle.

Of course, you can exchange the information with other people, who can go exactly where you have been. (working in a team)

No need to teach a new driver the routes!

3. MAPPING By accumulating data from GPS in

GIS, you can make a customized map.

Points are house, church, clinic, shop, water-well, agriculture field, river, road, etc.

This map can be completed by putting other information from satellite images in GIS. For example, you can know where the water sources of the area by satellite images.

(demo: Mapsource to Google Map)

4. ROUTE PLANNING When you have a map which accurate

map, you can calculate distances of points.

This information is useful when you plan a route to visit your designated places with limited resources.

In Zambia, I introduced planning of budget using GIS, and reduced the fuel by a half.

Office Office

Efficient In-Efficient

5. AREA CALCULATION In Rural Development, calculation of

agricultural field in one of critical indicators to measure the development.

The measurement depends on “hear-say” of farmers. “1 lima” “2 lima”……

The scientific measurement costs too much.

GPSs’s tracks and points can used for calculating the field distract and area.

Even satellite image taken GIS can be used for measurement of the area. (demo)

STRUCTURE (8:45-10:15)

1. Basics of GPS-GIS2. Practices “in” Rural

Development3. Practices “for” Rural

Development4. Exercises

FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT

1. GIS Training of Staff 2. Participatory Mapping3. Searching for Natural

Resources4. GPS Game for Rural

Development (Community Promotion)

1. GIS TRAINING GIS /GPS draws attentions and

interests from my work-partners (mostly public sector) in Zambia.

In Zambia (as other developing countries, most public sector do not have accessible and accurate maps (even non-digitalized).

GIS training for the staff can build not only technical capacity but also managerial capacity with awareness to see their fields with “a bird-view”. (video)

This is a good entry point to improvement of public management.

PARTICIPATORY MAPPING Mapping should not be a solely work

of a technician / an academic. The map can be more accurate,

useful and comprehensive by involving more stakeholders.

A good example found in PRA/PLA tools. Resource map, transect walks, etc.

GIS-based (digitalized) map can also be made by many stakeholders.

A map of extension made by field officers and their supervisors. (Demo)

A map of Chilyaeka village (Demo)

3. SEARCHING FOR NATURAL RESOURCES Water source is a critical resource for

agricultural development. By using a satellite image of GIS, you

can find some potential areas for water sources.

After find some potential areas, you can reach the place by using a GPS.

Attention: GPS shows only geographical information, not social / natural information. So you need to combine other studies to find the final point. (video)

4. COMMUNITY PROMOTION WITH GPS-BASED FUN GAME! Geocaching is a game played by

many people (10 millions in the world) with using GPS/GIS.

It is a treasure hunting game by searching and hiding a cache (a small box) with GPS. (video)

An extended version of this game is CITO (Cache-In Trash-Out).

In CITO, many people are searching for the caches and collecting trashes (litters) in the event’s area. (video)

AN EXAMPLE IN SHIKINEJIMA

Shikinejima island is a small island 200km far from Tokyo bay.

The island looked for an event to promote a community which suffers from small population and depression of feelings.

After having a workshop, the island introduced CITO in its event, simply because it does not require much funding in 2009.

Since 2009, the CITO event is conducted every year, and the island was awarded a gold medal for an area promotion award.

GPS/GIS DATA IN COMMUNITY GAME

OTHER EXAMPLE

Tourist maps

ARG (Alternative Reality Game)

STRUCTURE (8:45-10:15)

1. Basics of GPS-GIS2. Practices “in” Rural

Development3. Practices “for” Rural

Development4. Exercises

EXERCISE

Output: A Map For Adventure in Nagoya University

Form a group of 3-5 List up 4-5 points that you think a new-comer

must visit in the area of Nagoya University By using Google Earth, put the points, and put

name and description of each point. By using Google Earth, set a route to visit all

points with shortest time. The distance should be less than 1000m. Save it. (and presentation if time allows) (This map is used for the afternoon session)

OUTPUT IMAGENo title Description

1 Mysterious Pond

A pond having a mysterious story.

2 Statue of a man

A funny-faced man is standing!

3 Tasty Lunch spot

Eat here to be happy!

4 Great pub Drink here to be even happier!

When you finish, please call me to save your outputs