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Open TextbooksAccess, Affordability, and Academic Success
Rajiv Jhangiani, Ph.D.Kwantlen Polytechnic University
@thatpsychprof
By David Ernst. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
“…higher education shall be equally accessible to all”
The cost barrier kept
2.4 millionlow and moderate-income college-qualified
high school graduates from completing college in the previous decade.
The Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED529499.pdf
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000US Higher Education Funding - $/FTE
State Funding Tuition Revenuehttp://www.sheeo.org
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000Ohio Higher Education Funding - $/FTE
State Funding Tuition Revenuehttp://www.sheeo.org
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800 Hours of Work Required to Afford Tuition(University of Minnesota)
Hou
rs @
Min
imum
Wag
e
The average borrower owes more than
$28,950
in student loans (class of 2015).
http://ticas.org/posd/map-state-data-2015
Youngstown State University = $30,735
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
$400
$500
$600
$700
$800
$900
$1,000
$1,100
$1,200
$1,300
$1,400US Debt
Consumer Revolving Credit Student Loan Debt
$ Bi
llion
s
Federal Reserve http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g19/Current/
What can we do?
• Tuition and Fees
• Room and Board
• Books and Supplies
• Personal Expenses
• Transportation
What can we do?
• Tuition and Fees
• Room and Board
• Books and Supplies
• Personal Expenses
• Transportation
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
0%
100%
200%
300%
400%
500%
600%
700%Increase in Textbook Prices
Textbooks CPI
Bureau of Labor Statistics http://www.bls.gov/cpi/
http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/freshman-year/college-textbook-prices-have-risen-812-percent-1978-n399926
The average student should budget
$1,230 - $1,390for textbooks and course materials in 2016-17.
https://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/average-estimated-undergraduate-budgets-2016-17https://financialaid.rutgers.edu/cost-of-attendance/rutgers/
Youngstown State University = $1,100
What do you think about the cost of textbooks?
Coping with the Cost• Purchase an older edition of the textbook• Delay purchasing the textbook• Never purchase the textbook• Share the textbook with other students
–U of MN Student
"I figured French hadn't changed that much.”
59%of students report that they have had to wait for their financial aid check to purchase textbooks.
Unpublished Minnesota State University Student Association survey
Have you ever delayed purchasing a textbook because of cost?
7/10students surveyed hadn’t bought a required
textbook due to cost.
http://www.slideshare.net/txtbks/open-education-and-solving-the-textbook-cost-crisis
2012 2016
63.6% 66.5% Not purchase the required textbook
49.2% 47.6% Take fewer courses
45.1% 45.5% Not register for a specific course
33.9% 37.6% Earn a poor grade
26.7% 26.1% Drop a course
17.0% 19.8% Fail a course
In your academic career, has the cost of required textbooks caused you to:
http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf
Other models…
Where does the funding come from?
Universities (SUNY, Umass Amherst, Portland State, …)
Foundations (Hewlett, Gates, …)
Governments (state, federal)
Institutional Consortia (CALI)
All RightsReserved
Some RightsReserved
Plus…
With Creative Commons licenses, you are free to…
Copy Mix
Share Keep
Edit Use
open.umn.edu
Open Textbook Library 48
All books in the Open Textbook Library:1. Must have an open license.2. Must be a complete textbook (no chapters or partial textbooks).3. Must be available as a portable file (e.g. PDF, ePub).4. Must be currently in use at multiple higher education
institutions, or affiliated with a higher education institution, scholarly society, or professional organization.
Open Textbook Library 49
• 351 textbooks• 52% have been reviewed by faculty at OTN schools (854 reviews)• 1M+ visits from every country in the world• Books produced at Rice University, SUNY, University of Texas at
Austin, NOBA, University of Minnesota, Portland State, Grand Valley State, …
1.0-1.5 1.5-2.0 2.0-2.5 2.5-3.0 3.0-3.5 3.5-4.0 4.0-4.5 4.5-5.00
40
80
120
160
200
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0 1 8 830
121
324
399
Open Textbook Reviews
Ratings
Revi
ews
13 Peer Reviewed Studies of Efficacy
http://openedgroup.org/
119,720 Students
http://openedgroup.org/
95% Same or Better Outcomes
http://openedgroup.org/
12 Peer Reviewed Studies of Perceptions of OER Quality
http://openedgroup.org/
5,201 Professors and Students
http://openedgroup.org/
50%Same35%
Better
15%Worse
http://openedgroup.org/
Introductory, algebra-based, two-semester college physics
1272 pages
Available inPDF
ePubPrintWeb
Bookshare (accessible)
Instructor solution manual
Powerpoint slides
Examples of Customizing
PM4ID
What can we do?
What can we do?
• Take a look!• Write a review!• Adopt if a book meets the needs of you and your
students• Raise awareness - talk with colleagues in your
program and department
Writing a Review
Is there is a textbook in the Open Textbook Library that fits your class and/or expertise?Stipend will be paid for:1. attending this workshop, and2. reviewing a textbook in the Open Textbook Library
Writing a Review
1. You will receive an email with a link to the online review form
2. Complete a concise review by April 14, 20173. The review will be posted on the Open Textbook
Library under an open license4. Stipend will be paid
Rajiv Jhangiani, Ph.D.rajiv@kpu.ca
@thatpsychprof
Slides: http://slideshare.net/thatpsychprof
Open Textbook Library: open.umn.edu
By David Ernst. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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