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Elementary School
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Unit B:Nouns
Person: GirlsThing: Ribbon
Place: Bus Idea: Happiness
Grammar 1: What Is a Noun?
A noun names a person, a place, or a thing.
Example: Pablo lives in a house on my street. His grandparents came from Puerto Rico.• Notice that Puerto Rico is two words that name one
place. Nouns can be two or more words.• Nouns can also name feeling, thoughts, and ideas.• Examples: excitement, fear, anger, happiness
Nouns
Persons boy, student, Bob writer, Bob Jones
Places lake, country, state field, USA, West Virginia
Things boat, calendar shirt, basketball
Grammar 2: Common and Proper Nouns
When you talk or write about persons, places, or things in general, you use common nouns. When you talk or write about a particular person, place, or thing, you use a proper noun.
Common: The teachers came from different countries.
Proper: Mrs. Diaz is from Mexico.
Common and Proper Nouns
Common Nouns
Proper Nouns Common Nouns
Proper Nouns
street North Drive river Ohio River
city Charleston building White House
state West Virginia poet Edgar Allen Poe
continent Asia holiday Labor Day
ocean Atlantic Ocean month November
mountain Mt. Washington
day Friday
Common and Proper Nouns
When you use the words for family relationships as names, capitalize them. Otherwise, do not capitalize those words.
Example: A magazine interviewed Mom.Example: My dad teaches math.
Grammar 3: Singular and Plural Nouns
A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea.
A plural noun names more than one person, place, thing, or idea.
Example Singular: The student passed the test.Example Plural: The students passed the test.
Rules for Forming Plural Nouns
1. Most singular nouns: Add –s
dog—dogs can--cans
2. Nouns ending in s, x, ch, or sh
Add –es
box—boxeschurch—churchesbush--bushes
3. Nouns ending with a vowel and y Add –s
boy-boystoy-toys
4. Nouns ending with a consonant and y Change the y to i and add -es
baby-babiescity-cities
Grammar 4: More Plural Nouns
Many nouns do not become plural according to regular rules. The following chart shows you the different patterns for forming the plurals of these nouns. TIP: Use your dictionary to check for correct plurals.
More Plural Nouns Chart1. Nouns ending if f or fe: Change the f to v and add –es to some nouns. Add –s to other nouns.
life—livescalf—calvesleaf—leavescliff--cliffs
2. Nouns ending with a vowel and o: Add -s
rodeo—rodeosradio—radiosstudio--studios
3. Nouns ending with a consonant and o:
Add –s to some nouns. Add –es to other nouns
solo-solospiano-pianoshero—heroesecho-echoestomato-tomatoes
4. Nouns that have special plural spellings
foot-feet woman--women
5. Nouns that remain the same in both
singular and plural
deer—deertrout-troutsheep--sheep
Grammar 5: Singular Possessive Nouns
A singular possessive noun shows that one person, place, or thing has or owns something. To make a singular nouns show possession, add an apostrophe and –s (‘s).
Example: the fur of the dog the dog’s furExample: the collar of the pet the pet’s collar
Using possessive nouns is shorter and better than other ways of showing possession.
Example: The dog belonging to Joe is barking.Example: Joe’s dog is barking.
Singular Possessive Nouns
Singular Noun Singular Possessive Nounchild child’s toyTess Tess’s bikepony pony’s manefish fish’s fins
Grammar 6: Plural Possessive Nouns
A plural noun that shows ownership, or possession, is called a plural possessive noun.Example: The cars that belong to the teachers are parked here.Example: The teachers’ cars are parked here.
When a plural noun ends in –s, add only an apostrophe after the –s (s’) to make the noun show possession.Examples: boys’ books wolves’ pups babies’ mothers
Not all plural nouns end –s. When a plural noun does not end in –s, add (-s) to form the plural possessive noun.Example: shoes of the men men’s shoes food of the mice mice’s food
Plural Possessive Nouns
Singular Singular Possessive
Plural Plural Possessive
girl girl’s girls girls’calf calf’s calves calves’pony pony’s ponies ponies’child child’s children children’smouse mouse’s mice mice’s
TIP:
1. If a noun is singular, add an apostrophe and a -s to make it possessive
A cat’s bowlA bird’s beakJames’ coat
2. If a noun is plural and ends with an s, add and apostrophe after the s.
Three cars’ enginesTwo girls’ homeworkTwo boats’ trailers
3. If a nous is plural, but does not end in an –s, add an apostrophe and an –s.
Three deer’s bedTwo children’s game
Exceptions: People who lived a long time ago and their name ends in an –s, just add an apostrophe after the s. Example: Zeus ---Zeus’ tricks. Notice the difference with Zeus and James.
If a word is two syllables or more, ends with an –s , and would be hard to pronounce with the addition of the –s, just add the apostrophe.
The End
The horse’s jump cleared the bar.
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