Network Fundamentals – Chapter 2

Communicating over the Network

Objectives Identify the structure of a network, including the

devices and media that are necessary for successful communications.

Identify the function of protocols in network communications.

Identify the advantages of using a layered model to describe network functionality.

Identify the role of each layer in two recognized network models: The TCP/IP model and the OSI model.

Identify the importance of addressing and naming schemes in network communications.

Network Structure Elements of communication

Network Structure How messages are communicated

Network Structure Components of a network

Software: Network applications i.e. Web Server(http), File Transfer (FTP), Internet

Relay chat (IRC), Domain Name Translation (DNS), Email (SMTP)

Hardware: Laptop, PC , NIC, Repeater, Hub switch, modem, Wireless routers

Communications servers, Routers, cables, Free space

Network Structure End Devices and their Role in the Network

Network StructureIntermediary devices connect the individual hosts to the network and can

connect multiple individual networks to form an internetwork.

Examples: Network Access Devices (Hubs, switches, and wireless access points)

Internetworking Devices (routers)

Communication Servers and Modems

Security Devices (firewalls)

Network Types Local Area Networks (LANs) Topologies include:

•Star

•Mesh

•Ring

Network Types Wide Area Networks (WANs)

Network Types Internet

Network Types Network Icons

Function of Protocol in Network Communication Protocols and layered models facilitate communication

over data networks

Function of Protocol in Network Communication Network protocols

Function of Protocol in Network Communication Different protocols interact between layers

Function of Protocol in Network Communication Protocols allow Technology independence

Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Layered models facilitate complex design from multiple

vendors

Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model TCP/IP Model (Working model of the Internet)

Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Communication Process is through each layer

Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Protocol data units (PDU) and encapsulation

Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Process of sending and receiving messages

Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Protocol and reference models

Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model OSI Model Layers

Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP model

Addressing and Naming Schemes Encapsulation headers are used to manage

communication in data networks

•Allows data to move between end devices using MAC addressing and IP addressing

Addressing and Naming Schemes Getting the Data to the end Device on Data-Link Layer

Addressing and Naming Schemes Getting the Data through the Internetwork

Addressing and Naming Schemes Port numbers are used to identify the destination

application

FTP (21),SSH(22),Telnet(23), Email(25), http(80) www(8080) IRC(6667)

IP addressing Basics

Example

Example: For the address 192.168.1.3

Determine:

The length of the subnet mask in bits.

The Subnet mask format in dotted decimal format

The class of the address

The number of bits in the host portion

The network address

Solution

Solutions

The length of the subnet mask in bits. (24)

The Subnet mask format in dotted decimal format (255.255.255.0)

The class of the address (C)

The number of bits in the host portion (8 bits)

The network address (192.168.1.0 i.e. when all the host bits are 0)

Network Models and Protocols

2.6.2 Using Wireshark to vew PDUs

3.4.2 Managing a small web server

(Applications, Addressing, Protocols, connectivity)

Network Fundamentals – Chapter 2

Education

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