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This is a presentation designed to help explain the section of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course about respiration. For more help with IGCSE Biology please visit mrexham.com
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MAKING SENSE OFRESPIRATION
IGCSE Biology1.1 Life Processes –
Respiration
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Copyright © 2014 Henry Exham
Learning Objectives• Can you remember how respiration releases energy?• Can you write out the word equation, and the
balanced symbol equation, for aerobic respiration?• Can you write out the word equation for anaerobic
respiration?• What are the differences between aerobic and
anaerobic respiration?• Can you describe simple experiments to show that
carbon dioxide and heat are produced by respiring seeds or other suitable living organisms?
Copyright © 2014 Henry Exham
Respiration• Respiration is a chemical reaction that
happens in all our cells to release energy.• This can be used for
– Contraction of muscle cells, producing movement– Active transport of molecules and ions– Building large molecules, such as proteins– Cell division
• The reaction also releases some heat which is used to maintain steady body temperature.
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Respiration• Your cells can carry out two types of
respiration. • One with oxygen which is called aerobic
respiration and one without oxygen called anaerobic respiration.
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Aerobic Respiration
Glucose Oxygen Carbon Dioxide+ + Water Energy+
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Aerobic Respiration
Glucose Oxygen Carbon Dioxide+ + Water Energy+
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy
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Aerobic Respiration
Glucose Oxygen Carbon Dioxide+ + Water Energy+
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy
Copyright © 2014 Henry Exham
• Respiration using oxygen.• Occurs in the mitochondria of a cell.
Mitochondria
Anaerobic Respiration• Respiration without oxygen.• We shall look at examples in two types of cell.
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Anaerobic Respiration• Respiration without oxygen.
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YEAST
Anaerobic Respiration• Respiration without oxygen.
YEAST
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MUSCLE
Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
• Also known as FERMENTATION.• Yeast cells are single celled fungi.• Used for commercial purposes such as
brewing.
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Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
• Also known as FERMENTATION.• Yeast cells are single celled fungi.• Used for commercial purposes such as
brewing.
Copyright © 2014 Henry Exham
Glucose Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide (+ some energy)
Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells
• Occurs when the blood cannot reach the muscles fast enough to supply them with the required oxygen.
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Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells
• Occurs when the blood cannot reach the muscles fast enough to supply them with the required oxygen.
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Glucose Lactic Acid (+ some energy)
Oxygen Debt• Anaerobic respiration provides enough energy to
keep the muscles working for a short time.• However lactic acid builds up in the blood which
causes cramps.• The lactic acid has to be broken down using
oxygen.• The volume of oxygen needed to completely
oxidise the lactic acid that builds up in the body during anaerobic respiration is called oxygen debt.
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Aerobic or anaerobicAerobic AnaerobicUses oxygen No oxygenOccurs in mitochondria of cell Occurs in cytoplasm of cellReleases lots of energy Releases only a small amount of energyCarbon dioxide and water is produced Lactic acid or ethanol is produced
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Respiration experiments• This apparatus can be used to investigate how small
living organisms respire such as woodlice, maggots or germinating seeds.
Hydrogencarbonate indicator – This will change colour from red to yellow when the carbon dioxide level increases due to respiration.
Gauze
Living organisms
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Respiration experiments
Boiled seedsGerminating seeds
Cotton wool
Thermometer
The germinating seeds are respiring and therefore releasing heat. The boiled seeds have been killed and are therefore not respiring anymore.
Thermal flask
Copyright © 2014 Henry Exham
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This PowerPoint is protected under copyright.It is designed for educational use. Either personal study or to be presented to a class. It may be edited or duplicated for these purposes only.It must not be shared or distributed online in any format.Some images used are under a separate creative commons license, these are clearly marked.
Copyright © 2014 Henry Exham
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