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Educational
Evolution vs. Creationism
Rory McGreal
LINQ 13
Rome
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (some images fair dealing)
AU
The Felt Source
Linaria designs
Accelerating
Evolution
Emilie Ogez
Ancient Learning
Medieval University
From Joi Ito’s Web
What technology has
done more to destroy
human community
than any other?
Could it be the portable book?
Community or accessibility?
Aldus Manutius 15th Century
Portable
Book
Evolution: FREE Education
COSTS
Evolution: FREE Education
An asymptotic curve
COSTS
Zeno’s
dichotomy
paradox
Evolution: Free Education
Growth of the
WWW
http://www.anywhere.com
Reach an infinite audience
Tim Berners-Lee
Evolution: Free Education
“Death of Distance”
• Global
telecommunications
• Satellites
• Wireless
• Internet Atlas of Cyberspaces
Why OER?
• DRM (digital rights management) • Digital licenses
DRM (Digital Rights
Management) You CANNOT • Copy & paste, annotate, highlight • Text to speech • Format change • Move material • Print out • Move geographically • Use after expiry date • Resell
Swiss-copyright.ca
Digital Licenses •Copy & paste, annotate, highlight • Text to speech or hyperlink • Format change • Move material to another computer • Print out • Move geographically • Use after expiry date • Resell
• Prohibited to show your content to others • Must accept that you have NO rights
• Owners have NO liability even if product doesn’t work • Owners can “invade” your computer without permission • Collect & use personal data • User has a “privilege” to use the product not own it
Open ETextbooks
•Copy & paste, annotate, highlight √ • Text to speech or hyperlink √ • Format change √ • Move material to other computer √ • Print out √ • Move geographically √ • No expiry date √ • Reuse/Remix/Mash √
•Retain privacy and digital rights √√
Access Rights? Vendors can control how,
when, where, and with what
specific brands of
technological assistance
audiences are able to access
content
ITC 23%
Arts 28%
2007:
The Wiley Wiki
http://www.opencontent.org/wiki/index.php
?title=Intro_Open_Ed_Syllabus
An Open Course
based in a wiki
Participants from
around the world
contributed to the
creation of the course
2007: Alec Couros
Social Media and Open Education
Open online course sessions with guest experts
from around the world
http://eci831.wikispaces.com/Session+List
2008: CCK08
Stephen Downes, George Siemens
The First Massive Open Online Course (MOOC)
http://ltc.umanitoba.ca/wiki/Connectivism_2008
Why is CCK08 the First MOOC?
It combines open content (Wiley)
and open teaching (Couros)
But also…
http://ltc.umanitoba.ca/wiki/Connectivism_2008
AI-Class: Redefining Massive
More than 100,000 people signed up for pre-
registration
http://www.ai-class.com/
OER Quality:
Number of Learners
20 or 2 million?
The view from an OERu partner
Traditional model Traditional model OERu model
learners
The Anti-MOOC Friesen & Murray
MobiMOOC
http://mobimooc.wikispaces.com/
Supporting Mobile Learning Technology
Inge de
Waard
Free Education
Wireless Access
Mobile learning?
+2 billion Internet connexions World population: 7 billion
¼ of the world’s population
http://www.soil-net.com/album/Places_Objects/slides/Globe%20Planet%20Earth%20NASA.jpg
Global Internet usage
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Per
10
0 in
hab
itan
ts
mill
ion
s
Individuals using the Internet (in millions)
Individuals using the Internet per 100 inhabitants
Global numbers of individuals using the Internet, total and per 100 inhabitants, 2001-2011
International Telegraph Union 2012
Global Mobile phone subscriptions
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Per
10
0 in
hab
itan
ts
Mo
bile
-cel
ulla
r su
bsc
rip
tio
ns
(m
illio
ns)
Subscriptions (in millions)
Per 100 inhabitants
Global mobile-cellular subscriptions, total and per 100 inhabitants, 2001-2011
Source: ITU World Telecommunication /ICT Indicators database
Internet Users 2006
Developed
Developing
Developed
Developing
2011
Developed
Developing
International Telecommunications Union 2012
Web usage worldwide
3.81% Worldwide
Chad 29% Nigeria 25% Sudan 22%
Mobile Signal Coverage
Percentage of the world's population covered by a mobile cellular signal,
2003 compared to 2010
2003
39% not covered
61% covered
Source: ITU World Telecommunication /ICT Indicators database
2010
10% not
covered
90% covered
Mobile Telephony
2000
Total 719 million
Developed
Developing
The developed/developing country classifications are based on the UN M49, see: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/definitions/regions/index.html Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database
2005
Developing
Developed
Total 2.2 billion
2011
Total 6 billion
Developing
Developed
Mobile learning
4.5 billion mobile subscriptions
1.5 billion mobile internet users
1/3 only access
internet via mobile
90% of world population is covered by cellular
More time
spent on
Internet
with
Mobile
than with
desktops
http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1048/1022720488_0a1b779fc8.jpg
Design for Mobile
FIRST
4G Mobile Phones
• Computer in your phone
• Phone in your computer?
Motorola Droid Samsung Galaxy Iphone 5
Tablets
Google Android
iPad Mini Samsung
Tablets
Shenzhen Tablet <$75
Aakash India <$50
Ypy Brazil <$75
Sakshat $20 laptop
Affordable Computing
India to unveil the £7 laptop
Government hopes its mini-computer, the world's
cheapest, will bridge the digital divide between rich
and poor
One Tablet per Child
Negroponte et al.
E-Books
Free Education
Digital convergence:
TV
Electronic book
Computer
Telephone
Radio
WWW
Fax
Clock
Camera
Handy 21 Oxygen project MIT
PDA
Nokia
5510
Game player
Toys? Sony’s PSP GO
Mobile phone
CD Shape
Gizmondo
• Each team faces a fast-paced, complicated series of
obstacles called quests, and each player, via his online
avatar, must contribute to resolving them or else lose his
place on the team
• "It takes exactly the same skill set people will need
more of in the future to collaborate on work
projects”
» Rob Carter, CEO FedEx
= 2 jiffies or 200 milliseconds
Free Education
Gilder’s Law
Bandwidth grows at least three
times faster than computer power
Free Education
Moore’s Law:
Accelerating reduction in the cost of
computer power
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Computers Paper
Free Education
2030
Digital paper
Rollable display
Phillips
Mobile Learning requires OER
OER •Copy & paste, annotate, highlight √ • Text to speech or hyperlink √ • Format change √ • Move material to other computer √ • Print out √ • Move geographically √ • No expiry date √ • Reuse/Remix/Mash √
•Retain privacy and digital rights √√
The restriction of the commons by patents, copyright, and databases [right] is not in the interests of society and unduly hampers scientific endeavour.
“On the part of rich
countries there is
excessive zeal for
protecting knowledge
through an unduly rigid
assertion of the right to
intellectual property . . .” - Pope Benedict XVI
“On the part of rich countries
there is excessive zeal for
protecting knowledge
through an unduly rigid
assertion of the right to
intellectual property . . .”
- Pope Benedict
XVI
"Let's put all this hype about change and
transformation in perspective. It's underhyped."
"There's something
coming after us, and I
imagine it is something
wonderful.” " Danny Hillis, Wired
Change
General Eric Shinseki, retired Chief of Staff, U. S.
Army
So, let’s wake up and smell the coffee
rory@athabascau.ca
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