Lindenwood Research-to-Practice Conference

EDUCATORS’ PERCEPTIONS AND REPORTED BEHAVIORS ASSOCIATED WITH PARTICIPATION IN

INFORMAL, ONLINE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT NETWORKS

Debbie Fucoloro, Ph.D.32nd Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult and Higher Education

Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MOSeptember 20-21, 2013

ABOUT ME

• B.A. and M.A.T. Webster University• 19 total years in teaching• Classroom teacher – 10 years + 9 years• 3rd, 4th, 6th S.S., 7th Sci., and digital video to

middle schoolers• Instructional Technology Specialist – 9 years• Currently Technology Coordinator

Computers are not being utilized as education tools as expected.

Bauer and Kenton (2005), Toward Technology Integration in the Schools: Why It Isn’t Happening

Overriding sentiment: “It’s been 30 years since the advent of the personal computer and we’re still struggling to get teachers

and administrators to integrate digital technologies into their daily work in ways that are

substantive and meaningful.” ~ Scott McLeod (2011)

Purpose

Investigate educators who use social media for informal professional learning.

What motivates them: • to seek out and connect with other educators• to advance their professional learning• on their own time

Importance of the Research

filling the gap in literaturehttp://globaltoynews.typepad.com/.a/6a0133ec87bd6d970b014e86e58ea8970d-500wi

So What?

- shed light on how to better support all educators professionally

- nurture reluctant technology users- encouraging and mentoring their participation

in these environments- increasing their ability to use best practices in

technology integration in order to positively impact student learning

Conceptual Framework Evolution1. How do we encourage and support educators

to incorporate best practices in technology integration when planning lessons?

2. Can educator use of social media for informal professional development increase technology integration and, in turn, student learning?

3. However, first it is important to learn more about educators who currently use social media for informal professional development.

Foundation of Conceptual Framework

• Paulo Freire – learning is a social act and dialogue is the heart of education

Foundation of Conceptual Framework

Literature Review• Adult Learning Theory• Professional Development• Personal Learning Network

“Friends educating each other” Basil Yeaxlee, 1925

Adult Learning Theories

Stresses potential

for informal

social learning

Self-directed learning, desire for control, flexibility, and feedback

• Inclusion (giving voice)• Empowerment

(belongingness)• Opportunities to negotiate

between and across cultures

CoPs enable adults to learn with and from each other

Adult Learning

Adult Learning

Connectivism focuses on theamplification of learning, knowledge, and understanding through the extension of a personal network via social media

Professional Development

self-directed, ongoing and job

embedded—not an event

Professional Development

• the community concept (social media) and

• the knowledge aspect (access to information) of learning

Personal Learning Networks

PLN = connections to people and resources, both offline and online, who enrich our learning

PLN = “friends educating each other” revived

Typical Teacher Networkby Alec Couros

The Networked Teacher

Socially Networked Teacher

New Paradigm Suggested

• Self-directed• Differentiated• Ongoing• Job embedded• Flexible• Encourages self-analysis and personal

reflection

New Paradigm

• PLNs should be validated as a powerful professional development component

• Not: Traditional vs Informal

• But a mix of:

traditional & emerging, formal & informal

Research Questions

Q1 What are educators’ perceptions and reported behaviors associated with participation in informal, online professional development networks?

Research Sub-Questions

Q1a motivationQ1b typesQ1c specific

Q2 Do educator’s perceptions and reported behaviors differ based on:• current assignment• years in education• age

Research Questions

Methodology

“Unless researchers first generate an accurate description of an educational phenomenon as it

exists, they lack a firm basis for explaining or changing it.”

~ Gall, Gall & Borg

Instrumentation

• 1st Demographics• 2nd Traditional Professional Development and

Technology Integration• 3rd Using Social Media/Networks to Meet

Professional Development Needs

• establish a baseline description of knowledge regarding educators who use social media for professional development

• lay the groundwork for further in-depth studies based on the findings

Variables

1. Current assignment – grade level, position, subject area, and school setting

2. Years in education--categories included 1-10 years, 11-20 years, and 21+ years

3. Respondent’s age included a drop-down box for exact age

Population Sample

• Pre-K through higher education• Teachers, administrators, librarians and media

specialists, specialists (Art, Music, P.E., Foreign Language)

• Instructional support personnel (Technology Specialists, Special Ed., Counselors, Gifted Ed., Language acquisition)

• Education industry (retirees, consultants, bloggers, authors)

Population

• Snowball sampling method to access approximately 16,900 educators via Twitter and Nings

• 1,000 Twitter followers• 10,000 members of Educator’s PLN Ning• 6,000 members of ISET Community Ning

Sample

“…return rates for Internet surveys are lower than mail surveys and sometimes abysmal.”

~ Cox & Cox, 2008

Hoped to get at least 100 participants.

Findings

Demographic Sample

• 4,950 visited survey• 147 began • 14 dropped out before end of demographic

info and were excluded• 133 participants

Key Descriptive Findings

Respondent Demographics

Average Age43 years-old

FindingsFavorite social media application to use for informal professional development:

http://bettergraphic.com/free-and-paid-fonts-used-in-logos-of-popular-brands/

Open-ended Themes - Why Twitter? Community & Convenience

“It is the modern equivalent of the 18th century coffeehouse—a place teaming with ideas, opinions, research, discussion, collaboration, and bold vision.”

http://blog.songcastmusic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/twitter-community-600.jpg

Open-ended Themes – Why Twitter? Informal Learning & Sharing

“I have created a PLN that I feel meets my needs by providing resources, ideas, and challenges to improve learning for my students.”

http://images.wisegeek.com/people-independently-working-in-a-cafe.jpg

Open-ended Themes – Why Twitter? Professional Improvement

“I have developed more as a professional since participating in #edchat than I did in the last five years.”

http://appliedsimplicity.org/files/u2/group_3w.jpg

Open-ended Themes – Why Twitter? Isolation Reduction*

“The largest difference is that I no longer feel alone in the classroom. I think it is hard for those outside of education to realize how isolated teachers were before social media.”

Findings

• Educators (99%) believed they should take personal responsibility for continued professional growth and improvement.

Findings

How well did each of the following prepare you to make effective use of technology for instruction?

Key Comparative Findings

Administrators vs Classroom Teachers

http://leadershipfreak.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/disagreeement.jpg

Current Assignment - Position• Administrators perceived that employers used

more methods to support technology integration than classroom teachers.

• Administrators had a more positive view of the effectiveness of PD in educational technology provided by school, district, or campus than classroom teachers.

Yes

No

{

As age increased:

• confidence using technology decreased

• PD activities made respondents feel more prepared

• use of social media decreased

Other Relevant Findings

??

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Key Recommendations & Implications

• Researchers• Educational leaders• Teachers

Key Recommendations to Future Researchers

1. Examine successful programs currently supporting the use of, and giving credit to and recognizing educators for participation in informal, online professional development networks.

Key Recommendations to Future Researchers

2. Is there a correlation between participation in informal, online professional development and:- Improved practice- Increased student learning- Increased technology integration- Increased confidence in tech integration and lesson

planning- Increased feeling of belongingness—less isolation- Increased satisfaction with personal professional

development

Key Recommendations to Future Researchers

3. Conduct longitudinal studies to investigate:- quality of teacher education programs - employer-provided professional development

on the integration of technology for instruction

Key Implications forEducation Leaders

1. Make technology integration a priority. Focus on sound pedagogy and lesson planning rather than just tools and application use.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/kjarrett/4138613146/

Key Implications forEducation Leaders

2. Allow educators input regarding professional development:- differentiated- self-directed- example – unconference and edcamp models

or cMOOCs

Key Implications forEducation Leaders

3. Provide professional development that is ongoing and job embedded.

4. Encourage (don’t demand) participation in informal professional development networks and support development of PLNs.

Key Implications forEducation Leaders

5. Explore ways that would support, honor, and give credit for time spent in informal, online professional development.

6. Administrators need to lead by example by modeling effective use of technology—for example, in communicating with students, parents, and staff.

Implications forEducators

1. Participate in informal, online professional development by starting your own PLN built on your needs and passions—start small, find mentors, be patient.

2. Take responsibility for your own professional growth and improvement.

Implications forEducators

3. Advocate for the legitimacy and recognition of time spent participating in informal, online professional development networks.

4. Advocate for professional development that is self-directed, differentiated, ongoing, and job embedded.

Implications forEducators

5. Be bold and share what you learn in these environments and encourage others to join in the conversation.

6. Model lifelong learning by staying as up to date as possible regarding technology integration.

The next best thing to being wise oneself is to live in a circle of those who are.

~ C. S. Lewis

The next best thing to being wise oneself is to live in a circle of those who are. ~ C. S. Lewis

http://sociability.ca/blog/thanks-21st-century/

Find me at:Twitter: @debbiefucoBlog: The Educators’ CaféEmail: debbie.fucoloro@gmail.com