Lesson 2 classification systems

Which characteristic of living

organisms?

Removing the waste products of

internal metabolism (chemical reactions

in cells), toxic molecules or those taken

in excess.

Excretion

Making more of the same kind (species) of an

organism.

Reproduction

Absorbing (taking in) of nutrients (organic

substances and mineral ions in animals, mineral

ions in plants),

And assimilating (using) these materials for

respiration, growth and tissue repair.

Nutrition

Action of all or part of an organism causing a

change of position or place.

Movement

Permanent increase in the dry mass of

an organism and/or in the number or size

of cells or complexity.

Growth

The ability to detect changes in the

environment (stimulus) and to

respond

Sensitivity

Making chemical (ATP) energy in

living cells from nutrient molecules.

Respiration

Classification

Learning Objectives: • Why it is important to classify organisms. • How to classify organisms using the Binomial System.

What is classification?

●Taxanomic Hierarchy

What is classification?

●putting things into groups

Why classify living organisms?

●Make it easier to study them.

●Identify new species.

How do we classify living things?

There are 3 ways:

●Morphology

–the overall form and shape of their bodies.

–E.g: Do they have legs or wings?

●Anatomy

–the detailed body structure of a living organism.

●DNA

–The genetic material passed on from one generation to another.

Important information!!!

●The sequences of bases in DNA and of amino

acids in proteins are used as a more accurate

means of classification.

Also...

●Organisms which share a more recent ancestor

(are more closely related) have similar DNA

sequences than those that only share a distant

ancestor.

How do we classify living things?

●Classifying living things

Linnaeus – Binomial System ●Linnaeus was a Swedish naturalist who

introduced the Binomial System.

●He divided all the different kinds of living things

into groups called SPECIES.

●Remember a new species has two names written

in Latin:

Genus Species

Homo sapien

How do we classify living things?

KINGDOM – large group of organisms, few characteristics in common

SPECIES – small group of organisms, lots of characteristics in common

Coursebook

●Page 5

●Question 1.1a and 1.1b

Answers

●1.1 a

–They are distantly related, because they belong to the same kingdom but different phyla.

●1.1b

–Manis

1.1 c – how is a human classified? Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

animal

vertebrates (chordata)

mammals

primates

Hominidae

Homo

sapiens