LEGAL BASIS OF EDUCATION: AMERICAN REGIME TO COMMONWEALTH PERIOD

LEGAL BASIS OF EDUCATION

LORENJONE S. VALDEZ

OBJECTIVES: Trace the stages that frames up the present

educational system of the Philippines.

Discuss and explain on the different transition and evolution of the Philippine Educational System.

AMERICAN REGIME

BRIEF HISTORY

American Expeditionary forces were sent to Philippines with a mission to destroy the Spanish Armanda in Manila Bay as part of the strategy to defeat the Spaniards in the Spanish-American War ranging at that time in Cuba.

The Americans won, and on the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898, the Philippines was ceded to the United State by the Spanish for the paltry sum of US $20 million.

20 8 15 13 1 19 9 20 5 19

They are the Americans who are professionally trained teachers sent by the United States Government to the Philippines.

American Regime

THOMASITES

The first teachers of English were the army men. (A teacher of English was assigned in each school under the supervision of Reverend Mckinnon – August 23, 1901 .)

American Regime

ACT NO. 74 of the Philippine Commission (January 21, 1901)

Established for the Filipinos a system of free public Education.

DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLE

American Regime

Filipinos were trained for self government preparatory to the granting of independence after a ten year transition period.

FUNDAMENTALS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

CITIZENSHIPMORAL

CHARACTER

Reading WritingArithmetic

American Regime

The Americans established

Primary Schools in 1901 and

Intermediate Schools in 1904.

ACT NO. 372Required all Provinces to maintain a

Provincial High School.

Followed the pattern of U. S.

Education

English was the Medium of

Instruction

American Regime

Tarlac holds the distinction as the First Province to erect the first Provincial High School in the Country on September 1, 1902 with Mr. Frank Russel White as the First Principal.

Did you know?

American Regime

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY- JANUARY 21,

1901

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – JUNE 18,

1908

Founded to afford the Filipinos Higher Education

COMMONWEALTH PERIOD

The second President of the Philippines (1935 – 1944)

He was born in Baler Aurora.

Quezon was married to his first cousin Aurora Aragon.

July 4, 1946- this was the preparatory step to the established of the Third Philippine Republic.

COMMONWEALTH PERIOD

The Constitution provided that:

All schools shall aim to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic consciousness, vocational efficiency and to teach the duties of citizenship.

COMMONWEALTH PERIOD

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF EDUCATION –

February 1936

Created for the purpose of implementing Educational policies and necessary changes to make learning effective and relevant to the Filipino students.

FILIPINIZATION OF EDUCATION

COMMONWEALTH PERIOD

Adaptation of national language and its inclusion in the course of study with the enforcement of an executive order making the local dialect as the auxiliary medium of instruction in the primary grades.

Observance of patriotic calendar.

Character education to be given in a separate period of instruction.

COMMONWEALTH PERIOD

Preparatory military training to be enforced both in public and private schools.

The implementation of adult learning

The inclusion of miscellaneous activities, like school programs and folk dancing.

The use of a prescribed school program of activities.

JAPANESE REGIME

TIME LINE

1.) DECEMBER 8, 1941 - Attack on the Pearl Harbor

2.) JANUARY 2, 1942- General Masaharu Homma announces the end of the American Occupation

3.) APRIL 9, 1942- Bataan Death March

4.) OCTOBER 14, 1943- The Japanese Sponsored Philippine Republic was inaugurated.

5.) AUGUST 1, 1944- Quezon dies of tuberculosis. Sergio Osmeña assumes presidency

6.) OCTOBER 20, 1944 - “I shall return”

7.) AUGUST 17, 1945 - Pres. Laurel formally dissolves the Second Republic

8.) SEPTEMBER 2, 1945 - General Yamashita formally signed the official document of surrender of all Japanese Forces

JAPANESE REGIME

Military Order No. 2 in 1942 - Japanese educational policies. The Philippine Executive Commission- Commission of Education, Health and Public Welfare and schools reopened in June 1942. On October 14, 1943, the Japanese - sponsored Republic created the Ministry of Education. Tagalog, Philippine History, and Character Education was reserved for Filipinos. Love for work and dignity of labor was emphasized. February 27, 1945, the Department of Instruction was made part of the Department of Public Instruction.

JAPANESE REGIME

THE GOALS OF EDUCATION:

Prepare the Filipinos in the establishment of Greater East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere.

Abolish Western Culture as to the development of Asian Culture.

Introduce the Japanese Language and to abolish English Language.

Pay importance to Basic Education and to Introduce Vocational Education.

Encourage all Filipinos to develop their love for work and manual labour.

JAPANESE REGIME

It was de rigour to sing the Japanese Imperial Anthem in school and bow before the Emperor’s photograph.

Japanese Language – NIPPONGO and Culture were aggressively propagated. They were offered as compulsory courses in schools and were included in CIVIL SERVICE TEST.

JAPANESE REGIME

JAPANESE REGIME

The Japanese Era was considered the time which Filipino Language bloomed. Filipino was used as the official Language of the country, in teaching Philippine History and Character Education.

JAPANESE REGIME

 EDUCATION SYSTEM DURING JAPANESE PERIOD WITH REGARDS TO THE FOUR PILLARS OF EDUCATION Learning to know Learning to do Learning to live together Learning to be Learning and adaptation of Niponggo Importance of basic education through elementary education. The curriculum gives promotes vocational skills. Education emphasizes love of work. Orient Filipino that the Philippines is a member of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Education aims to foster a new Filipino Culture based on self- consciousness of the people as Orientals. Education elevates the morality of the people.

ODDITIONAL INFO

• The Trifocal Education System DECS’ - elementary, secondary and non-formal education, including culture and sports. TESDA- post-secondary, middle-level manpower training and development CHED is responsible for higher education  August 2001, Republic Act 9155, (Governance of Basic Education Act) (DECS) to (DepEd) redefining the role of field offices (regional offices, division offices, district offices and schools).

• 12. RA 9155provides the overall framework for (i) school head empowerment by strengthening their leadership roles (ii) school-based management within the context of transparency and local accountability. goal of basic education: provide the school age population and young adults with skills, knowledge, and values to become caring, self-reliant, productive and patriotic citizens.

QUESTION TO POUNDER!

WHAT COULD BE THE BENEFITS THAT US TEACHER MAY HAVE AFTER STUDYING THE HISTORICAL FOUNDATION OF THE PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM? 

SOURCES:

Historical, Philosophical and Legal Foundation of Education ( Manuel G. Lacuesta, Maura G. Tangco) page. 73

Department of Education, Culture and Sports. Facts and Figures on Philippine Education, February 1997- Mindo, Dinah F.

Thomasite History of Tarlac Province 1901- 1913.

@REONTOT

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