Learning Set 2: Lesson 2

Cell Activity Videos

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 2 : Slide 1 Optional

1) Plant Cells

2) Mitosis

3) Phagocytosis

4) Listeria

5) Neutrophil

6) Exocytosis

7) Bacteria

Meiosis

Mitosis 2

Mitosis 3

Exocytosis 2

Exocytosis 3

Bacteria 2

Additional Videos

Where are proteins in our bodies?

Testing for Protein

Where are proteins in chicken parts?

Part being tested Prediction – Is protein

present?

Result – Is protein present?

Mixing solution without any

chicken

skin

liver

muscle

fat

bone

feather

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 2 : Slide 1

Special Skin Cells Make Melanin

body

epidermis

How is melanin made inside the melanocytes?

epidermis

melanocytes

tissue

cells

Melanosomes- organelles containing melanin found in melanocytes and other skin cells.

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 2

Other skin cells

Melanocyte

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 3

Melanin (black dots) taken up by skin cells called keratinocytes

“Octopus

” like

arms of

Melanocyte

cell

Other skin cells

Looking inside a melanosome

Large protein molecule called Tyrosinase. It is special type of protein that assists

chemical reactions in the body.

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 4

Other skin cells

Looking inside a melanosome

OxygenTyrosine- small

molecule. Building block needed to build melanin.

First step in making melanin:Reaction between two molecules, one tyrosine and one O2 to make a new molecule (called DOPA)

O O

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 5

Other skin cells

•

OxygenTyrosine

O O

How can a large protein molecule like the Tyrosinase help to start the chemical reactions that form melanin?

Tyrosinase

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 6

Other skin cells

Tyrosinase helps to position the molecules so that they can react.

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 7

Tyrosinase(protein)

Skin cell

•

nuc

New Molecule

O

Other proteins help turn the new molecule (called DOPA) into melanin.

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 8

Other skin cells

What happened to Sammy Sosa?

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 9

Ponds Skin Lightening Cream

What is the message of this ad?

www.advertolog.com/ponds-5419455/print-outdoor/swan-7423605/

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 10

Lactose intolerance

• Cannot break down lactose, a sugar found in dairy products

• Instead, bacteria in the intestine break down the lactose, producing gas

• Most children can break down lactose

• Most adults in the world cannot break down lactose - making them lactose intolerant

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 11

Cells in Small IntestineBreak Down Lactose

intestine cells

How is lactose broken down in intestine cells?

small

intestine

Lactose

from diet

Lactose

brought

into

intestine

cells

Lactose

broken

down

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 12

Looking inside small intestine cells

Small intestine cells

lactose

galactose glucose

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 13

Looking inside small intestine cells

Small intestine cells

lactoselactase

How does the shape

of the large protein

molecule Lactase

help the chemical

reaction that forms

glucose from

lactose?

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 14

Looking inside small intestine cells

Small intestine cells

galactose

glucoselactase

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 15

Lactose intolerance? Is it really an illness or are we victims of false

advertising?

inventorspot.comwww.pcrm.org/newsletter/jun05/milk_ad

.html

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 16

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 6 : Slide 17

Cartoon Model Space-filling Model Backbone Model

Protein Models

PROTEIN STRUCTURE

A protein

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 6 : Slide 18

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 6 : Slide 19

PROTEIN STRUCTURE

When amino acids

form a long chain, the

chain folds and makes

a protein. The amino

acids cause the

protein to twist and

bend, as shown on

the left.

Amino Acid Chain

Chain of amino acids folded into a protein.

Learning Set 2 : Optional Lesson: Slide 20

ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

Adapted from Carolina Supply Company

Circle that portion of each molecule that is the same in every molecule.

Learning Set 2 : Optional Lesson: Slide 21

BASIC STRUCTURE OF AN AMINO ACID

Basic structure of an amino acid

Learning Set 2: Optional Lesson: Slide

22

AMINO ACID STRUCTURE

ALANINE

Learning Set 2: Optional Lesson: Slide 23

Chemical Structure: Chains and Rings

Tryptophan

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 24

ASSEMBLY OF AMINO ACIDS

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 25

Protein Models…again

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 26

Key to Toobers

Red = positive charge (+)

K, R, H

Yellow = negative charge (-)

D, E

Green = hydrophobic

A, V, L, I, P, M, F, W

Blue = hydrophilic

G, S, T, N, Q, Y

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 27

Toober Model (Step 1)

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 28

Lactase Amino Acid Sequence

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 29

Preparing a Gel

Image from powerful microscope

gel

Holes for samples

to be tested

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 30

Put Protein Sample in Holes

Pipet with

solution of

proteins

Lots of different

sized proteins

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 31

Samples We Want to Test

lactase

tyrosinase

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 32

Adding Electricity to the Electrodes

Negatively charged

proteins move

towards positive

electrode

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 33

Proteins Move Based on Size

lactase

tyrosinase

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 34

Record Data with a Picture

Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 35

Lactase Sample for 3 Different People

Lactose intolerance:

1) No

2) ???

3) ???

Should person 2 drink

milk? Person 3? Explain

your reasoning.