Learners who are exceptional

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Learning Disability

Sadaf Bashir235

Disability

Disability is a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities

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Children with Disabilities

Learning disabilities Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Mental Retardation Physical Disorders Sensory Disorders Speech and language Disorders Autism Spectrum Disorders Emotional and Behavioral Disorders  

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Learning Disability clip

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Learning Disability

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A child with a learning disability has difficulty in learning that involves understanding or using spoken or written language

The difficulty can appear in listening thinking reading writing and spelling

It also may involve difficulty in mathematics

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Types of learning Disability

Dyslexia Dysgraphia

Dyscalculia

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Dyslexia A specific learning disability that affects reading

and related language-based processing skills

The severity can differ in each individual but can affect

Reading fluency Decoding Reading comprehension Recall, writing, spelling Speech

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Dysgraphia

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Dysgraphia

A learning disability that

involves difficulty in hand writing

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Dyscalculia

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A specific learning disability that affects a

person’s ability to understand numbers and learn math facts

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STRATIGIES

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder A disability in which children consistently show

one or more of the following characteristics over a period of time

Inattention Hyperactivity Impulsivity

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What causes ADHD?

Genes and heredity

Environmental factors

Differences in the brain

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ACTIVITY Student is showing impulsive behave such as

throwing a paper airplane at the other children

As a teacher how you handle this situation in the classroom?

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Strategies Monitor whether the Childs stimulant

medication is working effectively

State clear expectations and give the child immediate feedback

Provide opportunities for students to get up and move around

Provide structure and teacher-direction

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A VISIT TO FOUNTAIN HOUSE

Mental RetardationPhysical &Sensory Disorder

Noreen MurtazaRoll # 303

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What is Mental Retardation?

“ A person having limited mental functions and a below average IQ”

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Affects a persons ability to function in everyday life skills

Like communication taking care of themselves and social skills

Develop more slowly than other children

Cont…

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Levels of mental retardation

Achievement of academic skills

Mild mental retardation Sixth grade level or higher.

Moderate mental retardation Second to third grade.

Severe mental retardation Need close supervision & specialized care.

Profound mental retardation

Completely dependant on others for daily life routine.

Levels of mental retardation

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Types of Mental Retardation

IQ Range Percentage

Mild 55-70 89

Moderate 40-54 6

severe 25-39 4

Profound Below 25

1

Types of mental retardation

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GENTIC FACTORSChromosomal abnormality ( Down syndrome)Infections ( at birth or after birth)

Causes of mental retardation

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A genetically transmitted form of mental retardation

Errors of chromosome numbers (47)

It is appears in about 1 in every 700 live births

Down Syndrome

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It can be result from many different infections and environmental hazards◦ Infections (at the time of birth or after birth).◦ Environmental factors

Malnutrition PoisoningBirth injury Heavy drinking

Brain Damage and Environmental Factors

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Use teacher aids helps to educate children with mental retardation

Give students opportunities to practice what they have learned

Have positive expectation for the students learning

Strategies for mental retardation children

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Physical disorder in children include orthopedic impairments

Such as cerebral palsy and seizure disorder

Physical Disorder

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Restricted movements or lack of control over movement due to muscle, bone or joint problems

Caused due to disease or accident

Cerebral palsy: It is due to lack of oxygen at birth Lack of muscle coordination, shaking and

unclear speech

Orthopedic Impairments

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Epilepsy “A neurological disorder characterized by

recurring sensorimotor attacks or convulsions”

Most common seizure disorder is epilepsy

Seizure Disorder

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Sensory Disorder

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The student who have low vision and student and who are blind

Low version student can read large print book Educationally blind cannot use their vision in learning

Visual Impairment

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Makes learning very difficult for children The children with this difficulty do not develop

with normal speech and language Hearing impairment learners fall in two categories

Hearing Impairment

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1. Oral approach• It include using lip reading, speech reading (a

reliance on visual cues to teach reading)

2. Manual approach• Sign language and finger spelling • Sign Language is a system of hand movement

that symbolize word• Finger spelling consist of “spelling out” each

word by signing

Speech and Language Disorder

Ayesha Munir Roll# 234

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Articulation disorder

Voice disorder

Fluency disorder

Speech Disorder

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Receptive language

Expressive language

Specific language Impairment (SLI)

Language Disorder

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Definition Range(mild,severe) Types Causes Recommendation

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Emotional and Behavioural Disorder

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Emotional and Behavioural Disorder

Regressive Out of Control

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Emotional and Behavioural Disorder

Depression Anxiety

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Fear

Educational issues involving children with disabilities

Maham NaveedRoll # 245

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Beginning in the mid 1960 to mid 1970, U.S laid down special education rights

In 1975 according to public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act

Receive funding from Govt

Legal Aspects

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American with disability act of 1990Prohibited discriminationMinor renovation in school

Individual with disability act 1997/2004Free education for every disable from Birth to 21

age

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

Purose

What is IDEA?

To protect the rights of children with disabilities

To give parents a voice in their child education

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•Evaluation

•Eligibility Determination•Get Individualized Education Plan (IEP)

•Role of Parents•Education in least restrictive environment

(LRE)

How IDEA works?

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Formal contract

Written statement that spells out a program specifically for the students with disability

To address each child unique learning issues and include specific education goals

Individualized Education Plan

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Present level of performance (PLP)

To meet the child’s indiviual needs

Design to provide educational benefits

School will provide Modification and Accomodation

What an IEP must include?

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Positive Behavioral Support

Functional Behavioral Assessment

Amendments to IDEA

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Technology aims to improve education, increase performance of the educational system

Effectiveness of Educational Technology for Promoting Special Education in Pakistan 

Technology

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Instructional Technology (IT) Assistive technology (AT)

IT goal’s how students learn and provide material to facilitate learning

At facilitates physical and cognitive access

Used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities

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Examples of Assistive technology (AT)

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c d

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e f

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Strategies for working with children with disabilites in a regular class room

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66% disabled people live in rural areas 58% of people with disabilities were male 4% child with disabilities have access to school (UMT) chairman Sajid Mahmood

2000 people registered in sheikhupura but the actual figure was 30,000

Dean of Sp.Ed Dept Abdul Hameed

Report of Pakistan related to special education (23 Dec, 2013)

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The government was starting its first pilot schools for inclusive education in Bahawalpur and Chiniot

Minister for sp.Ed Asif Saeed I strongly believe that their abilities are stronger than

their disabilities

Report of Pakistan related to special education (23 Dec, 2013)

Children who are GiftedTayyaba

Roll#236

Children with above average intelligence (an IQ of 130 or higher) or superior talent in some domain such as art, music, or mathematics

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Ellen Winner (1996), described three criteria that characterize gifted children

PrecocityMarching to their own drummerA passion to master

Characteristics

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Nature-Nurture issue

Developmental Changes

Domain-Specific Giftedness

Issues in Education of Gifted Children

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Four program options for children who are gifted described by Hertzog, 1998

Special classesAcceleration and enrichment in the regular

classroom settingMentor and apprenticeship programsWork/study and/or community-service programs

How to Educate Gifted Children

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Developed by Joseph Renzulli (1998) Focuses on total school improvement

Important goals of SEM

Yield positive outcomes for : Gifted children Non-gifted children Classroom Resource teachers

School-wide Enrichment Model (SEM)

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In Early childhood

In Elementary school; Grades K-5

In Middle school; Grades 6-8

In High school; Grades 9-12

How teachers work with gifted students

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Identification Remember that giftedness is often domain-

specific Remember that they learn faste Think in terms of their readiness rather than

ability Provide them with challenges based on their

readiness

Recommended Strategies

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Understand student acceleration

Continue to assess student's readiness

Learn about and use resources

Consult the Pre-K-12 Gifted Program Standards (NAGC,2000)

Recommended Strategies

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