Late 19c Urbanization

Characteristics of Characteristics of UrbanizationUrbanization

During the Gilded AgeDuring the Gilded Age1.1. Megalopolis.Megalopolis.

2.2. Mass Transit.Mass Transit.

3.3. Magnet for economic and social Magnet for economic and social opportunities.opportunities.

4.4. Pronounced class distinctions.Pronounced class distinctions. - Inner & outer core - Inner & outer core

5.5. New frontier of opportunity for New frontier of opportunity for women.women.

6.6. Squalid living conditions for many.Squalid living conditions for many.

7.7. Political machines.Political machines.

8.8. Ethnic neighborhoods.Ethnic neighborhoods.

NewArchitectural

Style

NewArchitectural

Style

NewUse ofSpace

NewUse ofSpace

NewClass

Diversity

NewClass

Diversity

New EnergyNew Energy

New Culture(“Melting Pot”)

New Culture(“Melting Pot”)

New Form ofClassic “RuggedIndividualism”

New Form ofClassic “RuggedIndividualism”

New Levels of Crime,

Violence, & Corruption

New Levels of Crime,

Violence, & Corruption

Make a NewStart

Make a NewStart

NewSymbols ofChange &Progress

NewSymbols ofChange &Progress

The City as a New “Frontier?”

The City as a New “Frontier?”

William Le Baron William Le Baron JenneyJenney

1832 – 19071832 – 1907

““Father of Father of the Modernthe ModernSkyscraper”Skyscraper”

W. Le W. Le Baron Baron

Jenney: Jenney:

CentralCentralY.M.C.A., Y.M.C.A., Chicago, Chicago,

18911891

Louis SullivanLouis Sullivan 1856 – 19241856 – 1924

The ChicagoThe ChicagoSchool ofSchool ofArchitecturArchitecturee

Form Form followsfollowsfunction!function!

Louis Louis SullivanSullivan

: : Bayard Bayard Bldg., Bldg., NYC, NYC, 18971897

Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Scott Scott

Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899

D. H. BurnhamD. H. Burnham

1846 – 19121846 – 1912

Use of steelUse of steelas a superas a superstructure.structure.

DH Burnham: DH Burnham: Fisher [Apt.] Bldg, Fisher [Apt.] Bldg,

Chicago, 1896Chicago, 1896

D. H. Burnham: D. H. Burnham: Marshall Fields Dept. Marshall Fields Dept.

Store, 1902Store, 1902

DH Burnham: DH Burnham: Railway Exchange, Railway Exchange,

Chicago, 1904Chicago, 1904

Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright 1869 – 19591869 – 1959

““Prairie Prairie House”House”School of School of ArchitectureArchitecture

““OrganicOrganicArchitectureArchitecture””

Function Function follows form!follows form!

Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:Allen-Lamb House, 1915Allen-Lamb House, 1915

Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:Hollyhock House [Los Hollyhock House [Los

Angeles], 1917Angeles], 1917

Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:“Falling Waters”, 1936“Falling Waters”, 1936

Interior of “Falling Waters”Interior of “Falling Waters”

F. L. Wright FurnitureF. L. Wright Furniture

F. L. Wright Glass ScreensF. L. Wright Glass Screens

Prairie wheat Prairie wheat patterns.patterns.

Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:Susan Lawrence Dana Susan Lawrence Dana House, Springfield, IL - House, Springfield, IL -

19021902

Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:Johnson Wax Bldg. – Johnson Wax Bldg. –

Racine, WI, 1936Racine, WI, 1936

Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:Guggenheim Museum, NYC Guggenheim Museum, NYC

- 1959- 1959

New York City New York City Architectural Style: Architectural Style:

1870s-1910s1870s-1910s1.1. The style was less innovative thanThe style was less innovative thanin Chicago.in Chicago.

2.2. NYC was the source of the capital NYC was the source of the capital for Chicago.for Chicago.

3.3. Most major business firms had Most major business firms had their headquarters in NYC their headquarters in NYC their their bldgs. became “logos” for their bldgs. became “logos” for their companies.companies.

4.4. NYC buildings and skyscrapers NYC buildings and skyscrapers were taller than in Chicago.were taller than in Chicago.

Western Western

Union Union Bldg,. Bldg,. NYC - NYC - 18751875

ManhattManhattanan

LifeLifeInsurancInsuranc

e e Bldg.Bldg.

NYC - NYC - 18931893

SingerSingerBuilding Building

NYC - NYC - 19021902

WoolworWoolworth th

Bldg.Bldg.

NYC - NYC - 19111911

FlatironFlatironBuilding Building

NYC – NYC – 19021902

D. H. D. H. BurnhaBurnha

mm

Grand Central Grand Central Station, 1913Station, 1913

John A. Roebling:John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge, The Brooklyn Bridge,

18831883

John A. Roebling:John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge, The Brooklyn Bridge,

19131913

““Dumbell “ Dumbell “ TenementTenement

““Dumbell “ Dumbell “ Tenement, NYCTenement, NYC

Jacob Jacob Riis: Riis:

How the How the

Other Half Other Half LivedLived(1890)(1890)

Tenement Slum Tenement Slum LivingLiving

Lodgers Huddled Lodgers Huddled TogetherTogether

Tenement Slum Tenement Slum LivingLiving

Struggling Immigrant Struggling Immigrant FamiliesFamilies

Mulberry Street – Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”“Little Italy”

St. St. Patrick’s Patrick’s

CathedralCathedral

Hester Street – Jewish Hester Street – Jewish SectionSection

19001900RoshRosh

HashanaHashanahh

GreetingGreetingCardCard

Pell St. - Chinatown, Pell St. - Chinatown, NYCNYC

Urban Growth: 1870 - Urban Growth: 1870 - 19001900