IxD Works Miniworkshop: Introduction

From Ideas to Paper Prototypes: Hands-on Approaches for Early Stage Projects

IxDworks

Valeria Gasik, Darja Tokranova

Valeria GasikM.Sc (HCI)Interaction DesignerFinland

Darja TokranovaM.Sc (HCI)Freelance designerEstonia

Katri TammsaarErasmus academic coordinatorEstonia

Presenting today

Today

Interaction Design

User-Centered Design

Idea UsersContext

Concept1st prototype Reflection

Idea UsersContext

Concept1st prototype Reflection

We are here

We are here Heading here

We are here Heading here

Goal todayTo find and understand the need and to outline the basic behavior.

Need?Goals?Behavior?

Interaction designers shape digital things

for people’s use

Bret Victor - http://worrydream.com/ABriefRantOnTheFutureOfInteractionDesign/

Fits the problem poorly

Fits the user poorly

= don’t do this

Fits the problem (very) well

Fits the user(very) well

A tool amplifies

capabilities

Interaction designers shape digital things

for people’s use

Fundamentallydifferent

in their complexity

when somethingis shown here

Doing things easily and with pleasure.

Useful Usable Desirable

Doing things easily and with pleasure.

User-Centered Design

Product

Optimizing design based on how users can, want or need to use a solution.

Behavior

Doing things easily and with pleasure.

Somethingin between

Need?Goals?Behavior?

Vision

Reality

For whom?Users (≠ segments), sharing

For what purpose?Needs, goals, abilities

What?Idea, concept, prototype, product

How?Brainstorming, designing, evaluating...

Scope?Time, budget, team, effects...

Product’s behavior

User’s behavior

Context

Where to start?

UCD

Example approaches

Research

PersonasScenariosUse CasesRequirements

Design

ConceptRapid prototypesWireframesInteractive demos

Evaluation

TestingTask analysis FeedbackHeuristics

Learning about users, tasks andproduct

Solving key problems through

design

Testing and improving the

product

Research

PersonasScenariosUse CasesRequirements

Design

ConceptPaper prototypesWireframesHi-fi prototypes

Evaluation

TestingTask analysis FeedbackHeuristics

Example approaches

Research

PersonasScenariosUse CasesRequirements

Design

ConceptPaper prototypesWireframesHi-fi prototypes

Evaluation

TestingTask analysis FeedbackHeuristics

Example approaches

Personas

We can’t ask users to be with us all the time, thus we make

informed generalizations.

Zzz.

He’s not Bob IRL

Is it logical?

Is it fun?

Bob would not like that because...

Persona

• Describes imaginative users archetypes.

• Is based on the real research and observation. • Shows user goals and their behavior patterns• Helps to crack “what” and “why” questions

1-2 personas is usually enough!

“Bob”

Fake persona

• Stereotype or a caricature• Can’t be backed up• Factoids• Fun is fun, but often useless

ResourcesPrimary Secondary

Personal know-howStakeholdersOnline discussionsDomain expertsInformed guessesFeedbackSurveys

Talking to people directly,Observing their behavior

What needs are we addressing?Lets make a persona together!

What user wants to achieve (do-goal)?Why (be-goal)?

What is the current situation?Which frustrations are there at the moment?

Is there only one user or many?Where and when the activity is taking place?Is the need or the activity reoccurring?

Example template

Background Bio

Name, (age), (role), occupation, education

Photo(s)Description

E.g. use environment or context, where the problem occurs and current solutions and frustrations.

Goals

• What are the user’s end goals (e.g. “get a car”)

• 1-3 end goals

Mapping

E.g. computer skills, necessity vs fun, quality vs price.

Scenarios

What is happening?

Scenarios• Stories that help understand interactions

• A cheap way to illustrate design solution from user’s (persona’s) point of view

• Tell user’s goals, motivations and actions

• At first – lacks technical jargon

Watching a movie

Bob selects a movie, inserts it in the device and sees it begin.

Bob selects a movie and inserts it in the device. Advertisements appear, followed by settings. Bob selects movie to start.

Watching a movie

Bob grabs a controller and logs out of another person’s profile. He selects his account and sees various usage options. He opts for a movie application and sees a bookshelf-like selection of various titles. He picks a movie and sees detailed description. With his controller Bob makes the movie to begin.

Scenarios• Vary in level of details

• Can be used use cases, user stories, testing...• Great for considering common and alternative

situations as well as accessibility issues

“What should this product do?”“If the user has no wi-fi, then ... “

“...while doing, user is interrupted”

Scenarios

• without your solution present-based

• Focus is set on current practices that illustrate ‘state of the art’ and the problem context

• with your solution future-based

• Focus on how problems could be addressed (without diving into much details).

Future based

...At the practice, Lisa starts the timer. Right after the

game, she summarizes the score and adds extra training

for two players...

How will the new solution work?Lets think of a high-level scenario

• In what settings will the product be used?

• Is the persona frequently interrupted?

• With what other products will it be used?

• What primary activities does the persona need to perform to meet her goals?

• What is the expected end result of using the product?

etc.

NextFrom scenarios to paper prototypes

Resources• Cooper, Alan, Reimann, R & Cronin, D. (2007) About Face 3: The essentials of interaction design. Wiley; ISBN:

0470084111

• Hinton, Andrew. Personas and the Role of Documentation. (2008) http://boxesandarrows.com/personas-and-the-role-of-design-documentation/

• Accessibility in User-Centered Design http://www.uiaccess.com/accessucd/personas.html

• Hassenzahl, M. (2008). User Experience (UX): Towards and experiential perspective on product quality. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/238472807_User_experience_(UX)_Towards_an_experiential_perspective_on_product_quality/file/60b7d51bf4873231da.pdf

• What research methods could I use to create personas? http://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/21891/what-research-methods-can-i-use-to-create-personas

• Personas http://wiki.fluidproject.org/display/fluid/Persona+Categories

• Mike Cohn. http://www.mountaingoatsoftware.com/articles?tag=user%20stories

• Stellman & Green. Building better software. http://www.stellman-greene.com/2009/05/03/requirements-101-user-stories-vs-use-cases/

Images

• Men on a bench https://www.flickr.com/photos/scottrsmith/6194527237/sizes/l

• Woman at ATM https://www.flickr.com/photos/betsssssy/435300495/sizes/l

• User Case Map http://www.batimes.com/articles/user-stories-and-use-cases-dont-use-both.html

• Her-movie http://www.jcpe.tv/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/her_xlg.jpg

• Woman screaming http://www.pcrescuewirral.co.uk/uploads/images/mad-pc-user.jpg

• Girl using phone http://timebusinessblog.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/145670133.jpg?w=360&h=240&crop=1

• Obama girls http://media4.onsugar.com/files/2013/05/22/859/n/1922398/1a491e72c356ad1a_159848172.xxxlarge_2x/i/Malia-Sasha-Obama-got-silly-selfie-while-sitting.jpg

• Soccer practice http://whstherebellion.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/652346968_afbhm-l.jpg

• Woman on the bench: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dyncCTqpICs/T_XBEzgGf_I/AAAAAAAAEg8/MjOgjFJwT2Y/s1600/Blog+July+11th+2012+ABC+Zoom+in.JPG

• Statue http://cbsnews1.cbsistatic.com/hub/i/r/2012/01/20/0b64e26d-a644-11e2-a3f0-029118418759/thumbnail/620x350/5e3ed089979959e4be8a197144e564db/Corporate_Failure.jpg