Introduction to Systematic Reviews (Oslo)

Systematic Reviews in OsloJanneke Staaks

March 4, 2014

Universiteitsbibliotheek

Specialist Wetenschappelijke Informatie

Psychology

Child Development and Education

Anthropology

Janneke Staaks

j.staaks@uva.nl

@jstaaks

3

Evidence Based Practice

guidelines

Syntheses Synopses

Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses

Primary Studies

Systematic Reviews in the Behavioral and Social Sciences

Best evidence?

Goodyear-Smith, F. A., van Driel, M. L., Arroll, B., & Del Mar, C. (2012). Analysis of decisions made in meta-analyses of depression screening and the risk of confirmation bias: A case study. BMC medical research methodology, 12(1), 76 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2288/12/76

Disclaimer

Transparence and reproducibility Can I find everything?

A specificity of 100% means that the test

recognizes all actual positives Noise?

A sensitivity of 100% means that the test

recognizes all actual negatives

Preparation

Research question and/or protocol Key concepts

Search terms

Articles Search queries

Cochrane library

ERIC CINAHL PsycINFO Embase Medline0

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

Databases

You searched a database and found far too few results. How can you broaden your search and increase the search results? Choose the three right answers from the following.A.  Add search terms and combine with AND.B.  Search more fields, for example "words in abstract".C.  Limit to the most recent publications.D.  Combine the search terms with OR.E.  Use different search terms, for example synonyms.

RCT & SRDiabetesDepression

Effect of interventions for major depressive disorder (..) in patients with diabetes mellitus

Search terms

General - specific ethnic minority or Asian

physiological measures or cortisol

Synonyms and related terms social phobia or social anxiety or blushing

Acronyms Major Depressive Disorder or MDD

Search terms

Spelling US – UK: behavior or behaviour

Single - plural: child or children

Verb tenses: cry, crying or cried etc

Opposites fertility or infertility

Historical language Changes in DSM

Search terms

Abstract There is ample evidence for the existence of an association between sleeplessness and worry. Not much is known, however, concerning the nature of this relationship. Therefore, a study was conducted investigating the causal relationship between sleeplessness and nocturnal worry. A 2 x 2 (Worry x Induced sleeplessness) analysis of covariance design was used. The first factor consisted of a subject variable defined by scoring either high or low on a trait measure of worry (the Penn State Worry Questionnaire) and the second factor consisted of 300 mg caffeine or placebo. A total of 96 female undergraduate students participated. The dependent variables comprised measures of nocturnal worry (the Night-Time Thoughts Questionnaire) and subjective and objective sleep parameters. Overall, caffeine caused an increase in nocturnal worry and sleeplessness. A significant interaction effect occurred between Worry and Induced sleeplessness on one of the objective sleep parameters, but no other interaction effects were significant. The results suggest that worry may occur as an epiphenomenon of sleeplessness.

Key Concepts caffeine, sleeplessness, night time thoughts, worriers

Subject Headings

*Anxiety*Caffeine*Cognitions*Insomnia

Night-time thoughts in high and low worriers: Reaction to caffeine-induced sleeplessness

link

Sleeplessness 354

Nocturnal worry 1

Insomnia 3.922

overlap (1 OR 2 OR 3) 4.186

Search terms

Controlled vocabulary Subject headings, Mesh terms, thesaurus etc.

Insomnia/

Free text terms title, abstract etc. (may vary across databases)

sleeplessness.ti,ab,id.

Wildcards

depression

depressive

depressed

depress*depressogenic

depressie

depressotypic

Test your hypotheses

snake fear 54

“snake fear”

snake AND fear

famil* 295.000

family OR families 253.000

1 NOT 2#2

#1

search term

54387

Tip: finding search terms

Sleeplessness.ti,ab,id. 349

Insomnia.ti,ab,id. 7.779

Insomnia/ 3.922

3 NOT (1 OR 2) 170

Abstract There is ample evidence for the existence of an association between sleeplessness and worry. Not much is known, however, concerning the nature of this relationship. Therefore, a study was conducted investigating the causal relationship between sleeplessness and nocturnal worry. A 2 x 2 (Worry x Induced sleeplessness) analysis of covariance design was used. The first factor consisted of a subject variable defined by scoring either high or low on a trait measure of worry (the Penn State Worry Questionnaire) and the second factor consisted of 300 mg caffeine or placebo. A total of 96 female undergraduate students participated. The dependent variables comprised measures of nocturnal worry (the Night-Time Thoughts Questionnaire) and subjective and objective sleep parameters. Overall, caffeine caused an increase in nocturnal worry and sleeplessness. A significant interaction effect occurred between Worry and Induced sleeplessness on one of the objective sleep parameters, but no other interaction effects were significant. The results suggest that worry may occur as an epiphenomenon of sleeplessness.

Key Concepts caffeine, sleeplessness, night time thoughts, worriers

Subject Headings

*Anxiety*Caffeine*Cognitions*Insomnia

Night-time thoughts in high and low worriers: Reaction to caffeine-induced sleeplessness

.ab.

.id.

.ti.

Insomnia/

You searched a database and found far too few results. How can you broaden your search and increase the search results? Choose the three right answers from the following.A.  Add search terms and combine with AND.B.  Search more fields, for example "words in abstract".C.  Limit to the most recent publications.D.  Combine the search terms with OR.E.  Use different search terms, for example synonyms.

RCT & SRDiabetesDepression AND AND

Effect of interventions for major depressive disorder (..) in patients with diabetes mellitus

213.000 titles 17.000 titles 165.000 titles

You searched a database and found far too few results. How can you broaden your search and increase the search results? Choose the three right answers from the following.A.  Add search terms and combine with AND.B.  Search more fields, for example "words in abstract".C.  Limit to the most recent publications.D.  Combine the search terms with OR.E.  Use different search terms, for example synonyms.

Depression Diabetes RCT & SR

Effect of interventions for major depressive disorder (..) in patients with diabetes mellitus

213.000 titles 17.000 titles 165.000 titles

You searched a database and found far too few results. How can you broaden your search and increase the search results? Choose the three right answers from the following.A.  Add search terms and combine with AND.B.  Search more fields, for example "words in abstract".C.  Limit to the most recent publications.D.  Combine the search terms with OR.E.  Use different search terms, for example synonyms.

RCT & SRDepression

Diabetes336 titles

213.000 titles 17.000 titles 165.000 titles

Effect of interventions for major depressive disorder (..) in patients with diabetes mellitus

RCT & SRDepression

213.000 titles 17.000 titles 165.000 titles

Databases

About PsycINFO

All about behavior

Experimental research ‘X causes Y’

Correlational research ‘X is correlated with Y’

X + Y (+ P)

PsycINFO Factsheet

1967: first electronic publication of Psychological Abstracts

1995: 1 milion records

Source: Beebe, L. (2010) PsycINFO’s Growth. retrieved from: http://www.apa.org/pubs/databases/news/2010/12/psycinfo-growth.aspx

PsycINFO Factsheet

2014

>3,6 milion records

Coverage: 1597 – present comprehensive from the 1880s

Weekly updates 80% journal records

3% book records, 8% chapter records

12% dissertation abstracts

Other Databases

Health care Medline, Embase

CINAHL, Sportdiscus, Pilots

Cochrane Library

Education ERIC, Linguistic and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA)

EPPI

Sociology Sociological Abstracts, Campbell library

Other Databases

Publishers Syntax Fields Subject headings

29

Reference Manager Software

https://www.flickr.com/photos/sherlock77/416909735

RefworksReference Manager

Endnote

Complementary Search Strategies

Citation tracking Web of Science and Google Scholar (cited by..)

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Authors

Hand searching Journals

Conference proceedings

Consulting experts

File drawer problem

Statistics Unpublished research

Contacting authors

Clinicaltrials.gov

International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) from

the World Health Organization (WHO)

Grey literature Dissertations

Conference Proceedings

https://www.flickr.com/photos/rdennis/11948643

DIY Database help University Library website Librarian

Help

From clinical to social science librarian..

Database order Fields Subject headings Explode function

Difference severity of depression between securely versus insecurely attached children

PsycINFO     1.745 titlesMedline            504 titlesERIC                176 titlesCochrane        115 titles

(beck* depression inventory OR BDI).ti,ab,id,tm.

but

(depress* OR affective).tm.

Tests and measures field

Test and Measures

PsycINFO: test and measures field (.tm.) ERIC: identifier field (.id.)

PsycINFO: Supplement Subject HeadingsERIC: Geographic Locations

Tests and Testing Laws and Legislation

Education

Reading comprehension and strategy instruction

Family Literacy Programs

http://www.flickr.com/photos/limegreen367/7607047458/

Reading and the thesaurus

From 15 to 7 subject headings Exclude learning disorders

Focus Do: Phonological awareness, literacy etc.

Don’t: reading speed, reading materials etc.

Thesaurus

Explode?

Reading

Intervention Children

Home

Explode?

PsycINFO

ERIC

Further reading

Goodyear-Smith, F. A., van Driel, M. L., Arroll, B., & Del Mar, C. (2012). Analysis of decisions made in meta-analyses of depression screening and the risk of confirmation bias: A case study. BMC medical research methodology, 12(1), 76.

Sampson M., McGowana J., Cogob E., Grimshaw J., Moher D., Lefebvre C. (2009) An evidence-based practice guideline for the peer review of electronic search strategies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 62(9) 944-952

https://www.flickr.com/photos/doug88888/6486005213

Questions?