Interviews and questionnaires (1)

INTERVIEWS AND QUESTIONNAIRE

S

INTERVIEWS• Allow us to

enter into the other person’s perspective

PERSON TO PERSON OR

GROUP INTERVIEW

Types of interviews

Highly structure

dSemi

structured

Unstructured

HIGHLY STRUCTURED

• Also called Stantardized interviews

• Questions and their order are determined ahead of time.

• They are rigidly adhering to predetermined questions and may not allow participants to show their perspectives and understandings of the world

SEMI STRUCTURED

• It is more open ended and less structured

• It is guided by a list of questions or issues. • The exact words nor the order of questions is

determined ahead of time

• All the questions are more flexibly worded. • Specific information is desired from all the respondents

UNSTRUCTURED• Informal interviews

• There is no predetermined set of questions• It is essentially exploratory

• It is used to learn enough information about a situation to formulate more questions for subsequent interviews

GOOD QUESTIONS

HYPOTHETICAL

DEVIL’S ADVOCATE

IDEAL POSITION

INTERPRETIVE

Type of Question ExampleHYPOTHETICAL: Asks what the respondent might do or what it might be like in a particular situation, they usually start with “What if”or “Suppose”

“Suppose it is my first day in this training program. What would be like?”

DEVIL’S ADVOCATE: Challenges the respondent to consider an opposing view. You want respondents’ opinions and feelings

“Some people would say that employees who lose their job did something to bring it about. What would you say to them? ”

IDEAL POSITION: Asks the respondent to describe an ideal situation. Elicit both information and opinión.

“What do you think the ideal training program would be like?”

INTERPRETIVE: Advances tentative interpretation of what the respondent has been saying and asks for a reaction

“Would you say that returning to school as an adult is different from what you expected”

QUESTIONS TO AVOID

MULTIPLE QUESTIO

NS

LEADING QUESTIO

NS

YES-NO QUESTIO

NS

Types of Questions Examples

MULTIPLE QUESTIONS: They are actually a double question or a series of single questions

How do you feel about instructurs and the classes?

LEADING QUESTIONS: They reveal a bias or an assumption that the researcher is making

What emotional problems have you had since losing your job?

YES OR NO QUESTIONS: Any question can be answered with a simple yes or no

Do you like the program?Has returning to school been difficult?

RECORDING INTERVIEW DATA

TIPS

Use probes

Use of pseudony

ms

Be respectful,

nonjudgemental

Check time and resources

QUESTIONNAIRES

•Questions are usually set out in very systematic way.• The questionnaire is answered by reading the questions and ticking responses, or writing in short answers

IN QUESTIONNAIRES RESEARCHES CAN ASK…

Facts/personal

perceptionsExperiences/

anecdotesOpinions/

preferences Ideas

Questionnaires

Take longer to prepare

They have to be carefully

writtenThey should be piloted

They save time

PILOTING PROCESS• When piloting, you should ask yourself:1. Were the instructions clear and easy to follow?2. Were the questions clear?3. Were you able to answer all the questions?4. Did you find any of the questions: Embarrasing?

Irrelevant? Patronising? Irritating? 5. How long did the questionnaire take to complete?

QUESTIONNAIRE PREPARATION

PURPOSEHANDLIN

G THE DATA

DESIGN CLARITY

SIMPLICITY

• RELEVANCE

CLOSED AND OPEN QUESTIONS

ACTIVITY

• Create a five questions interview and a five questions questionnaire based on your research project

Final paper• It has to include:INTRODUCTIONThree main paragraphs in which you first state what your research project is about; second, tell the reader what led you to conduct the Project; and third, announce the contents of the document, specifying what will appear in each of the chapters. However, if you consider necessary to write one or a couple of additional paragraphs, do not hesitate to do it whenever relevant

CHAPTER 1Statement of the problemResearch question(s)General objetiveSpecific objetivesCHAPTER 2Literature reviewTheoretical FrameworkCHAPTER 3ParadigmApproachSettingParticipantsInstruments (just mention them)

POSTER SESSIONS(november 8, 10 and 11)

•Check the virtual room in order to know specific information about these sessions