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INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA & METHODS
Prsented by: Kanika Guleria MSc(N) 1st year
DEFINITION• Audio-visual aids are
those sensory objects or images which initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning.
--Burton
PURPOSETo initiate & sustain attention, concentration & personal involvement of student in learning
To provide basis for more effective perceptual & conceptual learning
To bring remote events in the classroom
To increase the meaningfulness of abstract concepts
To save time & energy
CONT…..
To provide clear, accurate and vivid image during the process of learning
To stimulate thinking & motivate action
PRINCIPLESPrinciple of
selectionPrinciple of preparation
Principle of physical control
Principle of proper presentation
Principle of response
Principle of evaluation
IMPORTANCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL
• Improve and make teaching effective.• Enable the audience to look, listen and learn.• Make learning interesting and profitable.• Quicken the phase of learning.• Foster/develop the knowledge.• Add variety and newness to the lesson, provide
vicarious experience.• Overcome possible hurdles during the act of
teaching.
• Bring expected behavioral change among the learners.
• Stimulate curiosity.• Provide direct contact with reality or serves as a
source of information.• The students acquire clear, accurate and vivid image
during the process of learning.• Increase and sustain attention and concentration.• Make personal involvement of student in active
learning and meet individual needs of the learners.• It can serve as an open window through which the
student can view the world.
CONT…..
• Spread of education as mass scale. It will provide opportunity for providing adult education.
• Promote scientific temper as students observe demonstrations and scientific phenomenon.
• The students will get opportunity to handle, touch, feel, operate, and manipulate the Audio-Visual aids.
• Stimulate thinking and motivate action.• Save time and energy.
CONT…..
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD INSTRUCTIONAL AID
• Meaningful & purposeful.
• Simple.• Cost effective & cheap.• Large enough to be seen
by everone.• Easily portable.• Adapted to the
intellectual maturity of the students
EFFECTIVE USE OF AV AIDS
Planning
Preparation
Presentation
Evaluation
1. PLANNING• Know clearly the
objectives of the presentation.
• Plan well in advance• Anticipate the problem
and avoid them.• Anticipate the size of the
audience; the aids should be visible, audible for entire group of audience.
• Plan for the use of variety of colorful visual aids, number of aids has to be planned.
• Plan in advance for appropriate time of presentation.
CONT…..
2. PREPARATION• Select a convenient & comfortable meeting place.• Anticipate the need for special effects either total
lighting or darkness, prepare to provide either, at the right time.
• Make sure that all the equipments are in good working order.
• Prepare by rehearsing or previewing in order to make a smooth presentation.
• Arrange the audio-visual aids in sequence and have them within easy reach.
• Keep aids out of sight until actually required for use.
CONT…..
3. PRESENTATION• Motivate the audience and stress the key points.
• Present aids at the right moment and in proper sequence.
• Display only one aid at a time.• Remove all unrelated material.• Stand beside the aid, not in front of it.• Speak facing the audience and not the side.
CONT…..
4. EVALUATION• At the end, evaluate by
providing for discussion and application to discover and dispel misunderstanding,
if any.• Undertake follow-up
studies and observe results.
GUIDELINES FOR SLECTING & MAKING AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
1. Easy to see
2.Simple & direct
3. Easy to handle
4. Key point
8. Time & place
7. Good working condition 6. Accurate 5.
Understandable
9. Upto date ideas
10.Encourage the viewers
11. Message to be conveyed
12. Avoid over writing
13. Select the colors
CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS
Instructional Media
visualAudio
1. Tape Recorder.2. Record Player.3. Radio
Audio – Visual1. Films2. T.V.3. Computer
Non-projected Projected
CLASSIFICATIONI.Auditory aids: e.g. radio, recordings, mike,
phonograms, megaphone, microphone, gramophone
Visual aids: • Non projected/unprojected, e.g. (models) 3-D
materials, pictures, charts, flannel board, graphs, boards, cartoons, maps, photographs, posters, printed materials
• Projected aids, e.g. epidioscope, slide projector, overhead projector, film projector, opaque projector
CONT….• Audio-visual aids, e.g.
television, video, sound-motion pictures
• Aid through activity, e.g. field trips, models, collection of material and exhibition
• Traditional media, e.g. puppets, dramas, folksongs, and folk dance.
II.Visual aids• Projected aids, e.g. films,
filmstrips, opaque projector, overhead projector, slide projector, slide projector
CONT….
Non-projected aids, • Graphic aids, e.g. cartoons,
charts, comics, diagrams, flash cards, graphs, maps, photographs, pictures, posters, printed materials, flip books, illustrated books.
• Display boards, e.g. blackboard, bulletin board, flannel board, magnetic board, PEG board
• 3-D aids, e.g. diagrams, models, mockups, objects, puppets, specimen
CONT….
• Audio aids, e.g. radio, recordings (tape, disco) and television, video tapes, language laboratories, sound distribution systems
• Activity aids, e.g. computer assisted instructions, demonstrations, dramatics, experimentation, field trips, programmed instruction and teaching machines
CONT….
III.• Big media, e.g. computer,
VCR, and TV
• Little media, e.g. radio, filmstrips, graphic, audio cassettes other visuals
CONT….
ADVANTAGES
• Helps in effective perceptual and conceptual learning.
• Helpful in capturing and sustaining attention of students.
• Helpful in new learning.• Helps in saving energy and time of both the
teacher’s and students.• Provides near realistic experience.• Useful in for education of masses.
CONT….• Motivates pupils to participate actively• Helpful to poor readers and slow learners who
cannot get all the required knowledge from the text books
LIMITATIONS• Financial hurdles• Technical Problems• Student Distractions
because of special effects & light.
• It can take more time to prepare
• All the av aids are not Convenient
REFERENCES• Bhaskar N, Elakkuvana D. Text Book of Nursing Education.
First Edition: 2013. EMMESS Medical Publishers.• Farroq U. Audio-Visual Aids in Education. Study Lecture
Notes. 31 July 2014. http://www.studylecturenotes.com/curriculum-instructions/audio-visual-aids-in-education
• Nupur. What are the Main Advantages of Audio-Visual Aids. Preserve Articles. 2014. http://www.preservearticles.com/2012032829111/what-are-the-main-advantages-of-audio-visual-aids.html
• Neeraja KP. Textbook of Nursing Education. Reprint Edition 2003. JAYPEE BROTHERS Medical Publishers (P) LTD New delhi
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