Identifying Methods and Media for learning

Identifying Methods and Media for Learning

Cooperative Learning

-Involve small group- Working together to learn collaborative and social skill- Students apply communication and critical thinking skill to solve problems

Advantages - Promotes positive collaborative and social skill and

group processing- Encourage trust building, communication and

leadership skill- Involve students in active learningLimitations- Required a compatible group of students- Takes more time to cover the same amount of

content than other methods- Less appealing to individuals who prefer to work

alone

Discovery

• Encourages students to find “answer” for themselves

• Learn by doing• Students must solve through trial and error

Advantages- Encourages higher-level thinking- Develop the skills and attitudes

essential learning- Provided intrinsic motivationLimitations- Allows for the discovery of incorrect or

unintended information- Can be time consuming

Problem solving

Learners use previous knowledge and skill to resolve a problem

The usual steps are 1. Define the problem2. Formulate hypotheses3. Collect and analyze data4. Derive conclusions and solutions5. Verify conclusions

Game

• Appealing environment• Highly motivating approach• Required to use problem solving skill

Advantages- Increase comprehension- Provided students with opportunity to learn from the

mistake- Involve higher-level learning- Develops responsibility - Learn to think independently Limitations- Limits the amount of content covered- Required teacher to have good management.

Simulation

• Confront realistic situations• Involve participant dialogue, manipulation and

equipment

Advantages- Encourage social interaction- Provided the opportunity for practice skill- Increase motivation- Help to learn to deal with unpredictable

situationLimitations- Involve with competition than content- Can be time consuming

Discussion

• Dynamic method• Encourage classroom rapport • Give opportunity to apply principle• Introduce students to different belief

Advantages- Provided practice and experimentation skill- Provide feedback- Appealing and increase learning- Focus on important attributesLimitations- Cause deep emotion- Time consuming

Advantages- Allow actively practice- Interesting- Can change attitudes- Make effective experienceLimitations- Student must have a common experience- Teacher must prepare leading skill for the

method

Drill and practice

• Students are led through a series of practice exercises to increase fluency in a newly learned skill

• Refresh an existing knowledge

Advantages- Provided repetitive practice in basic skill to

enhance learning- Promotes psychomotor- Helps build speed and accuracyLimitations- Students can perceive it as boring- Does not teach when and how to apply the

facts learned

Tutorial

• Request student response • analyze the response• Provided practice until learners demonstrate a

predetermined level of competency• Frequently used to teach basic skills such as

reading

Advantages- Provided optimum individualize instruction - Provided the highest degree of student

participation- Frequently benefits student tutors - Introduce new concepts in a sequencedLimitations- Impractical in some cases- Students may become reluctant to work on

their own

Demonstration

• Students view a real or lifelike example of a skill

• To illustrate how something works

• To teach safety procedures.

Advantages- Utilize several senses, can use hear ,see and possibly

experience- Dramatic appeal- Holistic perspective by showing a complete

performance- Reduce hazards and trial and error learningLimitations- Difficult to see demonstrations- Demonstrations may not go as planned

Presentation

• Use of verbal information or visual symbols to convey material quickly

• Provide students with essential background.• Motivate students to learn

Advantages- Can be used with groups of all sizes- Give opportunity to see and hear the same

information- Can be used to efficiently present a large amount of

content- Organized perspectiveLimitations- Required little activity- Makes assessment of student’ s mental involvement

difficult- Does not provided feedback

Instruction Media

What is media?

• Carry information between a source and receive.

• Example of media include slides, videotapes, diagrams, printed materials, and computer software.

What does it do?Media serve a variety of role in education. Their primary role is

to facilitate student learning.

1. Media can provide vicarious experience.Example : Student can see what a new invention looks like. It is

better asked to practice it.

2. evaluation, you can ask student to identify an object or parts of an object in a photograph.

Example : Videotapes can present the events leading up to a problem situation and student describe their responses to the problem.

Multimedia

• Multimedia usually refers to the delivery of video, graphic, audio, and text by a computer using instructional software

• Example : multimedia is a conglomerate of a number of different media formats, including video, graphic, audio, text, and read object and media

Video• Moving images can be recorded on videotape,

videodisc , DVD and computer disc.• Video is defined as the display of recorded picture on

television-type screen.

Example : physical education student use videodisc’s slow motion and freeze-frame capability to practice imitating the grip and swing of a golf professional.

Videodisk

• Videodisc resembles a large compact disc, or CD

DVD

• Some professional refer to it as digital video disc.

Graphic

• Use to teaching and learning. We look to four here: visuals, slides, overhead transparencies and display boards.

Visual

• Visuals are two-dimensional materials designed to communicate a message to student.

• Example : student sequence the major steps involved in the production of oxygen by plants using a set of drawings.

Slide

• Slides are small, transparent photographs individual mounted for one-at a-time projection.

• Example : Student view a slide show of clothing articles designed, sewn and modeled by fellow student.

Overhead Transparencies

• Widely used in classroom because of their many virtues.

• Example : Physical education use videodisc’s slow motion.

Display Boards

• There are surfaces in classroom on which to display text and visual material.

• Example : student classicify various type of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks display on platforms secured to a bulletin board.

Audio

• Teacher’s voice, audiotape, CD

Text

• Refer to letters and number, usually presented to student in the form of printed material or on a computer screen.

Real object and model

• Even as a media, real object and model can require learners to use all their senses.

ADVANTAGE AND LIMITATIONS OF INSTRUCTION MEDIA

Multimedia Advantage LimitationsBetter learning and retentionaddressEffective acrosslearning domainrealismmotivationinteractivityIndividualizationconsistency

EquipmentStartup costsComplexity and lack standardizationComp abilityLimitedintelligence

Video- Video tape Advantage LimitationsMotion Fixed pace

Videotape-cont’d Real-lifeexperiencerepetition

scheduling

Video disc Storage capacityRapid accessDual audio channelsdurabilityImage quality and cost

expanseLimited play timeAnalog format

Advantage Limitations

DVD Storage capacityHigh quality audioDigital format

Limited materialFew payback units available

Graphic Visual

Realistic formatReadily availableEasy to useRelatively inexpensive

SizeTwo-dimensionalLack of motion

Advantage Limitations

Graphic- cont’d slides

Flexibility Lack of sequence

Easy to product Jamming

Ease of use Damage

Availability

Overhead transparencies

Versatility Instruction dependent

Instructor control Preparation required

Instructor preparation

Display board Versatile Commonplace

Colorful Not portable

Involvement

Audio- audio tape

Student and teacher preparation

Fix sequence

Advantage Limitations

Audiotape Familiarity Lack of attention

Verbal message Pacing

Stimulating Accidental erasure

portable

CD Locating selection Cost

Resistance to damage Limited recording capability

Text Readily available Reading level of learner

Flexible Memorization

Economical Passive

Real object model

Less abstract and more concrete

Storage

Readily ability Possible damage

Attract student 'attention

Last activity• From the given Situation choose best method and media

• Situation one• If you have to teach the student about how to science

experiment which method and media will you use and why?

• Situation two• If you have to teach about history which method and media

would you use? Why?

• Situation three If you are a TESOL teacher which method and media would you

use to teach English and why?

Member

• Miss Nuchwara Puranan• Miss Uthaiwan Wisapo• Miss Apichaya Sanmano• Miss Issarwadee Seeno• Miss Nattasak Ronsuk

TESOL#2