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Challenging All Learners, Hundred of Hoo 2012jamesnottingham.co.uk
What do children need to learn?
Alfred Binet1857 - 1911
‘What (pupils) should learn first is not the subjects ordinarily taught, however important they may be;
they should be given lessons of will, of attention, of discipline; before exercises in grammar, they need to be exercised in mental orthopaedics; in a word
they must learn how to learn.’
Intelligence – nature or nurture?
Alfred Binet1857 - 1911
In 1904, the French government asked Binet to create a mechanism for identifying students in need of alternative education
Binet created a scale of 30 tasks for 6 – 14 year olds, ranging from easy to complex ones
He stated his test showed what a child had learnt to that point, and nothing else
Number of words heard by children
A child in a welfare-dependent family hears on average 616 words an hour
A child in a working-class home hears on average 1,251 words an hour
A child in a professional home hears on average 2,153 words an hour
Number of words spoken by the time children are 3
500
700
1100
Hart & Risley, 1995
By the time they start school
Some children start school knowing 6,000 words.
Others, just 500 words.
Source: BBC 2009
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8013859.stm
What matters is what you believe about intelligence
People who believe intelligence comes mainly from nature have a ‘fixed’ mindset
Professor Carol Dweck, Stanford
People who believe intelligence comes mainly from nurture have a ‘growth’ mindset
Not everything counts
Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts
Sign hanging in Einstein's office at Princeton
What is stretch and challenge?
What do these 3 have in common?
109876543210
How much challenge was there?
What is challenge?
82
Challenge and Learning
CA
SA
PA
Current Ability
Subconscious Ability
Potential Ability
Learning Zone
Practice Zone
Too Easy
Too Hard
85Time
Per
form
ance
The Teaching Target Model (TTM)
CA
SA
PA
Learning Zone
Practice Zone
Challenge with young children
If A = B then
Does B = A?
Friend Trust
Trust Friend
For example …
Wobblers (If A = B)
54
Recent Demo Lesson Concepts
What is a toy? (5 year olds)
Was the mouse telling lies? (7 year olds)
What happens when you die? (11 year olds)
What’s the difference between tragedy and romance? (14 year olds)
What is culture? (15 year olds)
Is zero the same as nothing? (17 year olds)
22 2
2Key
Example question stems
What is (difference different from?)
What if (everyone was extraordinary?)
Always/never (know?)
How do we know (what love is?)
Why do we (say young people don’t know what love is?)
What is the difference (between ordinary & extraordinary?)
Is it possible (to always be happy?)
When (is happiness a bad thing?)
Who (decides what the natural way is?)
Can we (ever know for sure?)
Colliding concepts
Truth and Opinion
Biodegradable and Reusable
Hero and Villain
Happy and Content
Dreams and Daydreams
Decision and Order
Child and Youth
Lies and Make-believe
Toys and Books
Karma and Revenge
Worked examples at www.p4c.com
@JamesNottinghm
James Nottingham Challenging Learning
slideshare.net/jabulani4
james@p4c.com
jamesnottingham.co.uk
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