This is a presentation which builds awareness of how human trafficking and in particular women and girls are traffic
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What if you knew one of What if you knew one of these women?these women?
Sex Trafficking
It could be your daughterIt could be your daughter
or wife?or wife?
Sex Trafficking
Or mother?Or mother?
Sex Trafficking
Or sisterOr sister
Sex Trafficking
Or NeighborOr Neighbor
Sex Trafficking
Human Trafficking = Human Trafficking = SlaverySlavery
Defined by force, fraud or Defined by force, fraud or coercioncoercion
Human trafficking is a devastating human rights violation that takes place not only internationally, but also here in the United States. It is a form of modern-day slavery. Traffickers use force, fraud or coercion to enslave their victims into situations involving sexual exploitation or forced labor. When we put it in terms of crime statistics, after drug dealing, human trafficking is tied with the illegal arms trade as the second largest criminal industry in the world according to the U.S. Department of State. In fact, human trafficking is the fastest growing criminal industry in the world today, and it is often operated by organized crime syndicates. (Source: U.S. Departments of State and Justice, 2006)
It can happen to anyoneIt can happen to anyone
12 Million brought in Slave trade
Today 27 Million people trafficked
800,000 victims a year world800,000 victims a year world--widewide
225,000 trafficked225,000 trafficked
in South East Asia
100,000+ trafficked in USA100,000+ trafficked in USA
FBI estimates
161 countries involved in trafficking
1515
Countries where “democrary” is in a crude or non-existent form. Light men like dark women. Dark men like light women.
Why should I care?Why should I care?
One World, One PeopleOne World, One People
injusticeinjustice
“Injustice “Injustice anywhere is a anywhere is a threat to justice threat to justice threat to justice threat to justice everywhere.” everywhere.” Martin Luther KingMartin Luther King, Jr., Jr.
illegalillegal
““There is a There is a higher court higher court than courts of than courts of than courts of than courts of justice and that justice and that is the court of is the court of conscience.” conscience.” MohadasMohadas GhandiGhandi
immoralimmoral
“And if anyone “And if anyone saved a life, it saved a life, it would be as if would be as if he saved the he saved the he saved the he saved the life of a whole life of a whole people” people” (Holy Quran)(Holy Quran)
After drugs and guns, After drugs and guns, trafficking is most profitabletrafficking is most profitable
US $32 billion annually, worldwide.
How does trafficking How does trafficking happen?happen?
A case studyA case studyIndia and NepalIndia and Nepal
270,000 child prostitutes in India270,000 child prostitutes in India
Under the 1950 treaty with India, there is no immigration control or documentation procedure for Nepalese traveling to India Thus data on mobility in general and trafficking in particular are v. difficult to collect at exit points. Such factors make it difficult to maintain strict vigilance against human trafficking, though border forces are usually knowledgeable about illegal crossings by traffickers and their victims South Asia, especially India and Nepal have been identified as high risk areas for child trafficking; there are approximately 270,000 child prostitutes in India alone with the sexual exploitation of children on the rise Over 250,000 women and girls are sold for sex in South Asia alone, with India being a major source, transit and destination of most sex trafficked women and children (6). Within Asia, Nepal has been identified as a nation at high risk for trafficking (12). Published figures conservatively estimate that between 5,000 to 7,000 Nepali women and girls are trafficked for sex work each year, with the majority going to India (16). More than 200,000 Nepali women and girls are estimated to be working in the sex trade industry in India, the majority in Mumbai (16). Of the half million prostitutes in India, 13,500 enter the sex industry from Bangladesh while smaller numbers, approximately 4500 women and girls are annually sex trafficked to Pakistan (4).
Traffickers coerce young Traffickers coerce young women and their familieswomen and their families
Sex trafficked women and girls tend to be the most vulnerable in society, having origins in impoverished or war torn regions of the world, and originating from poor, often agricultural families. In their nation of origin, their traffickers typically coerce vulnerable young women and their families by promises of economic or employment opportunities Many trafficked women may leave their home areas of their own volition, but often with limited understanding or knowledge of what awaits them- bonded or forced prostitution An additional 12% report that dalals posed as boyfriends and tricked them into false marriages after which they traveled together to India Or such men acted as brokers for false marriages to women in India Another 17% were tricked into accompanying their employers or ‘friends’ (in reality, dalals) on visits to India. A smaller number (7%) were forcibly abducted from Nepal and taken across the border and sold.
Broker poses as boyfriendBroker poses as boyfriend
Sex trafficked women and girls tend to be the most vulnerable in society, having origins in impoverished or war torn regions of the world, and originating from poor, often agricultural families. In their nation of origin, their traffickers typically coerce vulnerable young women and their families by promises of economic or employment opportunities Many trafficked women may leave their home areas of their own volition, but often with limited understanding or knowledge of what awaits them- bonded or forced prostitution An additional 12% report that dalals posed as boyfriends and tricked them into false marriages after which they traveled together to India Or such men acted as brokers for false marriages to women in India Another 17% were tricked into accompanying their employers or ‘friends’ (in reality, dalals) on visits to India. A smaller number (7%) were forcibly abducted from Nepal and taken across the border and sold.
Or tricks into false marriageOr tricks into false marriage
Sex trafficked women and girls tend to be the most vulnerable in society, having origins in impoverished or war torn regions of the world, and originating from poor, often agricultural families. In their nation of origin, their traffickers typically coerce vulnerable young women and their families by promises of economic or employment opportunities Many trafficked women may leave their home areas of their own volition, but often with limited understanding or knowledge of what awaits them- bonded or forced prostitution An additional 12% report that dalals posed as boyfriends and tricked them into false marriages after which they traveled together to India Or such men acted as brokers for false marriages to women in India Another 17% were tricked into accompanying their employers or ‘friends’ (in reality, dalals) on visits to India. A smaller number (7%) were forcibly abducted from Nepal and taken across the border and sold.
Or Tricks into visiting a friend in Or Tricks into visiting a friend in IndiaIndia
Sex trafficked women and girls tend to be the most vulnerable in society, having origins in impoverished or war torn regions of the world, and originating from poor, often agricultural families. In their nation of origin, their traffickers typically coerce vulnerable young women and their families by promises of economic or employment opportunities Many trafficked women may leave their home areas of their own volition, but often with limited understanding or knowledge of what awaits them- bonded or forced prostitution An additional 12% report that dalals posed as boyfriends and tricked them into false marriages after which they traveled together to India Or such men acted as brokers for false marriages to women in India Another 17% were tricked into accompanying their employers or ‘friends’ (in reality, dalals) on visits to India. A smaller number (7%) were forcibly abducted from Nepal and taken across the border and sold.
Some abductedSome abducted
Others sold by family membersOthers sold by family members
Sex trafficked women and girls tend to be the most vulnerable in society, having origins in impoverished or war torn regions of the world, and originating from poor, often agricultural families. In their nation of origin, their traffickers typically coerce vulnerable young women and their families by promises of economic or employment opportunities Many trafficked women may leave their home areas of their own volition, but often with limited understanding or knowledge of what awaits them- bonded or forced prostitution An additional 12% report that dalals posed as boyfriends and tricked them into false marriages after which they traveled together to India Or such men acted as brokers for false marriages to women in India Another 17% were tricked into accompanying their employers or ‘friends’ (in reality, dalals) on visits to India. A smaller number (7%) were forcibly abducted from Nepal and taken across the border and sold.
The victim could be anyone.The victim could be anyone.
Nepal to IndiaNepal to India
MumbaiChennai
Under the 1950 treaty with India, there is no immigration control or documentation procedure for Nepalese traveling to India Thus data on mobility in general and trafficking in particular are v. difficult to collect at exit points. Such factors make it difficult to maintain strict vigilance against human trafficking, though border forces are usually knowledgeable about illegal crossings by traffickers and their victims South Asia, especially India and Nepal have been identified as high risk areas for child trafficking; there are approximately 270,000 child prostitutes in India alone with the sexual exploitation of children on the rise Over 250,000 women and girls are sold for sex in South Asia alone, with India being a major source, transit and destination of most sex trafficked women and children (6). Within Asia, Nepal has been identified as a nation at high risk for trafficking (12). Published figures conservatively estimate that between 5,000 to 7,000 Nepali women and girls are trafficked for sex work each year, with the majority going to India (16). More than 200,000 Nepali women and girls are estimated to be working in the sex trade industry in India, the majority in Mumbai (16). Of the half million prostitutes in India, 13,500 enter the sex industry from Bangladesh while smaller numbers, approximately 4500 women and girls are annually sex trafficked to Pakistan (4).
No immigration control from No immigration control from Nepal to IndiaNepal to India
Under the 1950 treaty with India, there is no immigration control or documentation procedure for Nepalese traveling to India Thus data on mobility in general and trafficking in particular are v. difficult to collect at exit points. Such factors make it difficult to maintain strict vigilance against human trafficking, though border forces are usually knowledgeable about illegal crossings by traffickers and their victims South Asia, especially India and Nepal have been identified as high risk areas for child trafficking; there are approximately 270,000 child prostitutes in India alone with the sexual exploitation of children on the rise Over 250,000 women and girls are sold for sex in South Asia alone, with India being a major source, transit and destination of most sex trafficked women and children (6). Within Asia, Nepal has been identified as a nation at high risk for trafficking (12). Published figures conservatively estimate that between 5,000 to 7,000 Nepali women and girls are trafficked for sex work each year, with the majority going to India (16). More than 200,000 Nepali women and girls are estimated to be working in the sex trade industry in India, the majority in Mumbai (16). Of the half million prostitutes in India, 13,500 enter the sex industry from Bangladesh while smaller numbers, approximately 4500 women and girls are annually sex trafficked to Pakistan (4).
Sold to a Sold to a DalalDalal (Sex(Sex--Broker) Broker) once they cross the Nepali once they cross the Nepali
borderborder
girls agreeing to work in India are sold to a dalal (or sex trade broker) once they crossed the Nepali border, then transported to a brothel in Mumbai (12)
5,0005,000--7,000 Nepali girls 7,000 Nepali girls trafficked annually to Indiatrafficked annually to India
Under the 1950 treaty with India, there is no immigration control or documentation procedure for Nepalese traveling to India Thus data on mobility in general and trafficking in particular are v. difficult to collect at exit points. Such factors make it difficult to maintain strict vigilance against human trafficking, though border forces are usually knowledgeable about illegal crossings by traffickers and their victims South Asia, especially India and Nepal have been identified as high risk areas for child trafficking; there are approximately 270,000 child prostitutes in India alone with the sexual exploitation of children on the rise Over 250,000 women and girls are sold for sex in South Asia alone, with India being a major source, transit and destination of most sex trafficked women and children (6). Within Asia, Nepal has been identified as a nation at high risk for trafficking (12). Published figures conservatively estimate that between 5,000 to 7,000 Nepali women and girls are trafficked for sex work each year, with the majority going to India (16). More than 200,000 Nepali women and girls are estimated to be working in the sex trade industry in India, the majority in Mumbai (16). Of the half million prostitutes in India, 13,500 enter the sex industry from Bangladesh while smaller numbers, approximately 4500 women and girls are annually sex trafficked to Pakistan (4).
Generations of debtGenerations of debt
Debt bondage Debt bondage –– continues for continues for generationsgenerations
Upon arrival, these women often find themselves in debt bondage, expected to repay the brothel owners and managers the price for the price paid to the traffickers who have sold them into sexual slavery (26). During the initial days/weeks in a brothel, the so-called “break-in” period, in which newly trafficked girls may be subjected to multiple gang rapes and other sexual violence (8) to diminish their physical and emotional capacity to escape this servitude Trafficked women and girls reported very high levels of exposure, serving up to 20 clients per day; The vast majority of trafficked women and girls are physically beaten, sexually attacked and/ or psychologically manipulated to enforce their lack of choice in their work as sex workers. USUALLY passports confiscated and illegally in country, threat. Police are complicit and cannot be trusted. They are often deprived of food, water, shelter, security and access to people to enhance submission psychological tactics include intimidation, threats, deception, emotional manipulation, and unpredictable events—all designed to maximally damage the emotional and psychological psyche of the trafficked victim. Very little is known about the extent and characteristics of mental health needs in trafficked women and girls, but depression, post traumatic stress disorder, extreme anxiety and suicide attempts have all been reported in qualitative studies
Poverty and lack of job Poverty and lack of job opportunitiesopportunities
Lured with promises of a "good" Lured with promises of a "good" jobjob
4444
Another victim of the terror of trafficking.
Nepalese girls are prized for Nepalese girls are prized for their fair skintheir fair skin
4545
Another victim of the terror of trafficking.
Transported to brothelsTransported to brothels
girls agreeing to work in India are sold to a dalal (or sex trade broker) once they crossed the Nepali border, then transported to a brothel in Mumbai (12)
“Break in period”“Break in period”Gang rapes/sexual violenceGang rapes/sexual violence
Upon arrival, these women often find themselves in debt bondage, expected to repay the brothel owners and managers the price for the price paid to the traffickers who have sold them into sexual slavery (26). During the initial days/weeks in a brothel, the so-called “break-in” period, in which newly trafficked girls may be subjected to multiple gang rapes and other sexual violence (8) to diminish their physical and emotional capacity to escape this servitude Trafficked women and girls reported very high levels of exposure, serving up to 20 clients per day; The vast majority of trafficked women and girls are physically beaten, sexually attacked and/ or psychologically manipulated to enforce their lack of choice in their work as sex workers. USUALLY passports confiscated and illegally in country, threat. Police are complicit and cannot be trusted. They are often deprived of food, water, shelter, security and access to people to enhance submission psychological tactics include intimidation, threats, deception, emotional manipulation, and unpredictable events—all designed to maximally damage the emotional and psychological psyche of the trafficked victim. Very little is known about the extent and characteristics of mental health needs in trafficked women and girls, but depression, post traumatic stress disorder, extreme anxiety and suicide attempts have all been reported in qualitative studies
Trafficker gains power over his Trafficker gains power over his victimvictim
Physical and mental abusePhysical and mental abuse
Upon arrival, these women often find themselves in debt bondage, expected to repay the brothel owners and managers the price for the price paid to the traffickers who have sold them into sexual slavery (26). During the initial days/weeks in a brothel, the so-called “break-in” period, in which newly trafficked girls may be subjected to multiple gang rapes and other sexual violence (8) to diminish their physical and emotional capacity to escape this servitude Trafficked women and girls reported very high levels of exposure, serving up to 20 clients per day; The vast majority of trafficked women and girls are physically beaten, sexually attacked and/ or psychologically manipulated to enforce their lack of choice in their work as sex workers. USUALLY passports confiscated and illegally in country, threat. Police are complicit and cannot be trusted. They are often deprived of food, water, shelter, security and access to people to enhance submission psychological tactics include intimidation, threats, deception, emotional manipulation, and unpredictable events—all designed to maximally damage the emotional and psychological psyche of the trafficked victim. Very little is known about the extent and characteristics of mental health needs in trafficked women and girls, but depression, post traumatic stress disorder, extreme anxiety and suicide attempts have all been reported in qualitative studies
Deprived of food, water, shelter, Deprived of food, water, shelter, and access to peopleand access to people
Upon arrival, these women often find themselves in debt bondage, expected to repay the brothel owners and managers the price for the price paid to the traffickers who have sold them into sexual slavery (26). During the initial days/weeks in a brothel, the so-called “break-in” period, in which newly trafficked girls may be subjected to multiple gang rapes and other sexual violence (8) to diminish their physical and emotional capacity to escape this servitude Trafficked women and girls reported very high levels of exposure, serving up to 20 clients per day; The vast majority of trafficked women and girls are physically beaten, sexually attacked and/ or psychologically manipulated to enforce their lack of choice in their work as sex workers. USUALLY passports confiscated and illegally in country, threat. Police are complicit and cannot be trusted. They are often deprived of food, water, shelter, security and access to people to enhance submission psychological tactics include intimidation, threats, deception, emotional manipulation, and unpredictable events—all designed to maximally damage the emotional and psychological psyche of the trafficked victim. Very little is known about the extent and characteristics of mental health needs in trafficked women and girls, but depression, post traumatic stress disorder, extreme anxiety and suicide attempts have all been reported in qualitative studies
Scammed and tricked into Scammed and tricked into selling themselves selling themselves
Forced to see up to 30 Forced to see up to 30 clients a dayclients a day
2 Million prostitutes in India2 Million prostitutes in India60% HIV Positive60% HIV Positive
Reproductive health concerns are among the most commonly reported health problem among sex trafficked women in India The increased risk of sexually transmitted infection and HIV/AIDS among sex workers is well established, particularly among child prostitutes who have little power to negotiate condom use and whose immature vagina and cervix is more susceptible to STI’s (33). Heterosexual transmission is the predominant route of spread in India, where commercial sex workers by virtue of engaging in multiple sexual partnerships form the ‘core group’ responsible in the spread of HIV to the general population via their clients, particularly long distance truck drivers, and migrant workers (35). Clients of sex workers are considered to be the ‘bridging population’ that facilitates spread of HIV to the general population. The single investigation specific to sex trafficking victims in India documented self reported HIV prevalence rates of 8.3% among survivors rescued from commercial sexual exploitation and 0.6% among non-rescued but trafficked females reliance on self-reporting influenced by the high social stigma associated with being branded HIV positive among sex workers may have underestimated HIV rates among participants in this study.
Girls earn the “virgin price”Girls earn the “virgin price”
Adolescent girls are more susceptible to HIV infection has been attributed to their immature and highly vascularized cervix (“the putative site of most heterosexual transmission of HIV”
Young body is 2Young body is 2--times more times more likely for HIV contractionlikely for HIV contraction
Adolescent girls are more susceptible to HIV infection has been attributed to their immature and highly vascularized cervix (“the putative site of most heterosexual transmission of HIV”
Bondage = lifeBondage = life--sentencesentence
Adolescent girls are more susceptible to HIV infection has been attributed to their immature and highly vascularized cervix (“the putative site of most heterosexual transmission of HIV”
Aids = Death sentenceAids = Death sentence
Adolescent girls are more susceptible to HIV infection has been attributed to their immature and highly vascularized cervix (“the putative site of most heterosexual transmission of HIV”
"I will stay in "I will stay in Mumbai, until I Mumbai, until I find my find my daughter or daughter or daughter or daughter or die.”die.”
5858
Another victim of the terror of trafficking.
Traffickers make $4,000-50,000 per person
How??
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