View
268
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
HISTORICAL
MOMENTS
OF POLAND
THE BAPTISM OF
MIESZKO I-966
THE BAPTISM OF
MIESZKO I-966
Mieszko I is a historical ruler of Poland. A member of the Piast dynasty
He is considered the creator of the Polish state.
The baptism of Mieszko I took place in 966.The place is unknown; it could have
had happened in any of the cities of the Empire, but also in one of the Polish towns
like Gniezno or Ostrów Lednicki. The belief that the baptism was accomplished
through the Czechs in order to avoid the dependence on Germany and the German
Church is incorrect, because Bohemia would not have its own church organization
until 973. At the time of the baptism of Mieszko the existing Bohemian church
establishment was a part of the Regensburg diocese. Thus, if the Polish ruler
accepted the baptism through Prague's mediation, it had to be sanctioned in
Regensburg. However, the religious vocabulary (words like baptism, sermon,
prayer, church, apostle, bishop or confirmation) were adopted from the Czech
language and had to come from Dobrawa's entourage and the church elements that
arrived with her. Perhaps with her also came the first Polish bishop-Jordan
The Baptism in 966 put Mieszko I and his
country in the cultural sphere of Western
Christianity
The Battle of Grunwald- 1410
The Battle of Grunwald
was fought on 15 July 1410, during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War. The alliance of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led respectively by King WładysławII Jagiełło(Jogaila) and Grand Duke Vytautas (Witold) decisively defeated the German–Prussian Teutonic Knights, led by Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen. Most of the Teutonic Knights' leadership were killed or taken prisoner. Although defeated, the Teutonic Knights withstood the siege of their fortress in Marienburg (Malbork) and suffered minimal territorial losses at the Peace of Thorn (1411) (Toruń). The knights never recovered their former power, and the financial burden of war reparations caused internal conflicts and an economic downturn in their lands. The battle shifted the balance of power in Eastern Europe and marked the rise of the Polish–Lithuanian union as the dominant political and military force in the region.
The battle was one of the largest battles in Medieval Europe and is regarded as
the most important victory in the histories of Poland, Belarus and Lithuania. It was
surrounded by romantic legends and was a source of national pride, becoming a
larger symbol of struggle against invaders. During the 20th century, the battle was
used in Nazi and Soviet propaganda campaigns. Only in recent decades have
historians made progress towards a dispassionate, scholarly assessment of the battle,
reconciling the previous narratives, which differed widely by nation
Polish Independence Day
11.11.1918
Józef Piłsudski was Polish statesman; Chief of State (1918–22),
"First Marshal of Poland” (from 1920), and de facto dictator (1926–
35) of the Second Polish Republic, Minister of Military Affairs. From
mid-World War I he had a major influence in Poland's politics, and
was an important figure on the European political scene.
He was the person most responsible for the creation of the Second
Republic of Poland in 1918, 123 years after it had been taken over by
Russia, Austria and Prussia.
On 11 November 1918, in Warsaw, Piłsudski was appointed
Commander in Chief of Polish forces by the Regency Council and
was entrusted with creating a national government for the newly
independent country. On that very day (which would become
Poland's Independence Day), he proclaimed an independent Polish
state.
Józef Piłsudski as a “First Marshal of Poland”
Recommended