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Harappan Final
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PREPARATION AND UPLOADING OFPOWERPOINT PRESENTAION
SLIDES TEMPLATE
SEMESTER IIEDU.10-B.Ed SOCIAL SCIENCE
Prepared and Presented by:
Name : SUDHI SOMAN
Candidate Code : 13381031
SOBHA COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION MARARIKULAM
2013 - 2014
This is to certify that this preparation and
uploading of PowerPoint Slides is a bonafide work of
independent work done by Sudhi Soman, optional
subject Social Science, candidate code 13381031
for the year 2013-2014.
Assistant Professor
Countersigned by
External Examiner Principal
Place : Mararikulam
CERTIFICATE
INTRODUCTION
The Indus valley civilization
(IVC) was a bronze age
civilization located in the
western region of south Asia.
The civilization was spread over
some 1,260,000 km, making it
the largest ancient civilization.
The Indus valley is one of the
worlds earliest urban
civilizations, at its peak, the
Indus civilization may have had
a population of well over five
million.
FACTS ABOUT HARAPPA
Excavation of Harappan sites has been ongoing since 1920, with important break through occurring as recently as 1999.
The Harappan civilization is sometimes called the Mature Harappan culture to distinguish it from these cultures.
Up to 1999, about 1,056 cities and settlements have been found, of which 96 sites have been excavated mainly in the general region of the Indus river.
Archaeological records provide no immediate answers for a centre of power or for depictions of people in power in Harappan society. But, there are indications of complex decisions being taken and implemented.
The Harappans were agriculturists.
Their economy was entirely dominated by horticulture.
There were massive granaries in each city.
The Harappans also had a wide variety of domesticated animals.
Occupation
Authority
ART OF WRITING
Between 400 and as many as 600
distinct Indus symbols have been
found on seals, small tablets,
ceramic pots and more than a
dozen other materials, including a
"signboard" that apparently once
hung over the gate of the inner
citadel of the Indus city of
Dholavira.
HARAPPAN SEALS
PASHUPATI SEAL
The Pashupati Seal is the name of a steatite seal (dating from 2600–1900 BCE) discovered at Mohenjo-daro. The seal depicts a seated, possibly ithyphallic and tricephalic, figure with a horned headdress, surrounded by animals.
SPECIALITIES OF HARAPPAN
CIVILIZATION
The Great Bath
The Great Bath of Mohenjodaro is called
the "earliest public water tank of the
ancient world“.
The Great Bath measures 11.88 metres
x 7.01 metres, and has a maximum
depth of 2.43 metres. Two wide
staircases, one from the north and one
from the south, served as the entry to
the structure.
A hole was also found at one end of the
Bath which might have been used to
drain the water into it.
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
The drainage system of Mohenjo-
Daro is so elaborate that “the like of
which has not yet been found
anywhere in the world in any other
city of the same antiquity.”
The drainage system and drains were
covered with bricks or stones and
were provided with inspection traps
and main holes at regular intervals
for inspection.
The Town Planning System of
Indus Valley Civilization
(Harappan Civilization) was city
based.
The excellent drainage and
sanitation systems are
remarkable. The Indus civilization
flourished around cities.
The ruins of the cities so far
unearthed show remarkable town
planning system and excellent
system of drainage and
sanitation of the Indus Valley
Civilization.
The city was the heart of the
civilization.
TOWN PLANNING
FOUR THEORIES OF COLLAPSE
Archaeologists have offered four explanations for the collapse of the Harappan “Civilization”.
Three are based on ecological factors: intense flooding, decrease in precipitation, and the dessication of the Sarasvati River.
The fourth hypothesis is that of the Aryan Invasion, proposed by Sir R. E. Mortimer Wheeler and Stuart Piggott.
Fourth largely abandoned in the 1940s in favor of a combination of factors from ecological disasters.
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