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Digital Instructional Media refers to audio, video, and
photo content that has been encoded (digitally
compressed). Encoding content involves converting audio
and video input into a digital media file such as a
Windows Media file. After digital media is encoded, it
can be easily manipulated, distributed, and rendered
(played) by computers, and is easily transmitted over
computer networks.
Types of Digital Instructional
Media
There are three types of Digital Instructional Media:
Audio
Audio-Visual
Visual
Digital Audio
This type of digital involves “sound within the range of human hearing” (
audiometer);
“hearing” ( audiology);
“sound reproduction” ( audiophile).
Transmission of Audio
Digital Audio can be transmitted through the following:
Visual
This kind of Media involved the use of pictures to
present concepts. (A picture may be worth a thousand
words).
Slide Projector or Overhead Projector
Audio-Visual
Audiovisual (AV) means possessing both a sound and a
visual component, this kind of media in education its
instruction where particular attention is paid to the
audio and visual presentation of the material with the
goal of improving comprehension.
Transmission of Audio-Visual
Audio-Visual can be transmitted thus:
Class Work
What do you understand with digital media
What are the types of digital media
How does Audio-Visual Media is transmitted
What kind of media slide projector produces?
General Transmission Module
Internet as a tool that encompasses all the three
forms of Digital Media (i.e. Audio, Audio-Visual and
Visual media) can be used to transmit INSTRUCTIONS
that will reach students within a stipulated time. This
kind of transmission can allow students to download
and watch YOUR LESSONS over and over, thus ensures
adequate comprehension of the subject matter.
The following are the examples of internet base
media transmission websites.
www.youtube.com
Twitter www.twitter.com
<<<<<<<<<< Play Video>>>>>>>>>>
<<<<<<<<<< Display Presentation >>>>>>>>>>
DIGITAL MEDIA DESIGN AND PRODUCTION
Any kind of media to be educative, entertaining or enlighten must
be design and produced through what we referred to as System
Approach Instruction (SAI)
• System Approach Instruction (SAI) is a process that ensures
adequate preparation of lesson, this approach helps teachers to
be ready for intended lesson delivery. With SAI teacher will
achieve marvelously on his stated behavioral objectives that
required the achievement of the three educational domains
(Cognitive, Affective and Psychomotor domains).
SAI Models
The following is a list of prescriptive instructional design
models. Prescriptive models provide guidelines or
frameworks to organize and structure the process of
creating instructional activities. These models can be used
to guide your approach to the art or science (your choice) of
instructional design. The following are commonly accepted
prescriptive design models:
ADDIE Model
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADDIE_Model
ASSURE Model The ASSURE model incorporates Robert Gagne's events of
instruction to assure effective use of media in
instruction.
A — Analyze learners
S — State standards & objectives
S — Select strategies, technology, media & materials
U — Utilize technology, media & materials
R — Require learner participation
E — Evaluate & revise
Dick and Carey Model
The Dick and Carey Model includes the 5 step process
Stage 1: Identify Instructional Goals
Stage 2. Conduct Instructional Analysis
Stage 3. Identify Entry Behaviors and Learner Characteristics
Stage 4: Write Performance Objectives
Stage 5. Develop Criterion-Referenced Test Items
Stage 6. Develop Instructional Strategy
Stage 7: Develop and Select Instructional Materials
Stage 8: Develop and Conduct Formative Evaluation
Kemp Design Model
The Kemp Design Model consists of 9 steps:
1. Identify instructional problems, and specify goals for designing an instructional program.
2. Examine learner characteristics that should receive attention during planning.
3. Identify subject content, and analyze task components related to stated goals and purposes.
4. State instructional objectives for the learner.
5. Sequence content within each instructional unit for logical learning.
6. Design instructional strategies so that each learner can master the objectives.
7. Plan the instructional message and delivery.
8. Develop evaluation instruments to assess objectives.
9. Select resources to support instruction and learning activities.
Gerlach and Ely Model
CLASS WORK
What is SAI means
List five models
List five ways in which digital media are being
transmitted
Instructional Media Design Procedure The following are the procedure/guidelines for
designing any kind of instructional media:
Determine System Approach /Instructional System
Design (SAI or ISD) Model
Select topic from syllabus (Curriculum)
Prepare Lesson plan
Select multi-media
Design of the media
Present the lesson
Evaluate and
Analyse the Feedback
Selecting of Topic: as a normal
teaching/learning situation, the teacher must
choose a topic that he might intend to teach is
a class.
Prepare Lesson: (Lesson Plan) before a teacher
goes to a class for a lesson he must prepare for
that lesson otherwise he will not achieve the
targeted objective.
Select Multi-Media: here he must to choose
the appropriate media for the lesson chosen,
because there are different media that will
suits a particular topic chosen. This media
could be Audio, Visual or Audio-Visual media.
Digital Instructional Media
The teacher must designed and produced media to be
interesting, stimulating and motivating.
In designing a particular media one should put the
following in to cognizance.
Types of Media Audio, Visual or Audio-Visual, medias
Level of media production: Adaptive, imitative and
innovative.
Balance: Symmetrical, or Asymmetrical
Emphasis: to make an emphasis on a particular
place (i.e. area in which one is expected to pay
attention).
Shapes: Z, T, I, S. shapes
Colours: Primary Colurs; Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow
Secondary Colour is the product of two or more of primary
colour.
Aesthetic: Beautifulness of the media (this can arose the
interest of the students).
Harmony: The slides should arrange in sequentially order.
i.e. to say, the slides must have a good relationship.
Timing: Timing is very important during designing an
instructional media, time should be allocated to each and
every slide depending on the significant of the time.
Tools required for Digital Instructional
Media Design & Production
Audio Recorders
Computer Systems
Internet facilities
Video Cameras
Digital Cameras
Sound Sets
Microphone
Projectors
LCD or LED Television sets
DVD Players etc.
MP3 Players
CD or DVD
Software Requirements
Microsoft PowerPoints
Windows Movie Maker
Windows Media Player, VLC etc.
Pinnacles Studio
Nero Movie Maker
Adobe Movie Editor etc.
Audio-Video Converters
Sound Effects Editor
Activity V
Use the Previous Activity IV and Produce Digital
Instructional Media, which will be played on one of
the following:
DVD Player and TV Set
Laptop and Projector
MP3 Player
2 weeks from to day
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