greeks and etruscans art

Non-Roman ItalyThe Greeks and Etruscans

January 15, 2014

Trade, Mobility and Urbanization: Trade, Mobility and Urbanization: The Mediterranean between 900-700 BCThe Mediterranean between 900-700 BC

So-called “Nestor’s Cup”Pithekoussai8th century BC

Aristonothos Krater

680-650 BC

Painted terracotta

found at Caere (Etruria)

from Pithekoussai?

Cumae

Magna GraeciaMagna Graecia

Megara Hyblaea

Naxos

Selinus

Akragas

Temple of Concordia at Akragas

Temple of Concordia, Akragas, c. 425 BC, limestone

Basic Greek temple plan

Greek architectural orders

Greek architectural orders

Athena Nike temple, Athens, c. 410 BC, marble

Aerial view of Selinus (Selinunte) on the southwest coast of Sicily

View of the akropolis of Selinus – north is to the left

Temple C (c. 540-530 BC, limestone) on the akropolis of Selinus

Triglyphs & metopes from Temple C, Selinus

Metope from Temple C“Apollo in his chariot”

c. 540-530 BC

Limestone

Selinus (Selinunte)

Metope from Temple C“Perseus slaying the Gorgon”

c. 540-530 BC

Limestone

Selinus (Selinunte)

Metope from Temple C“Herakles & the Kerkopes”

c. 540-530 BC

Limestone

Selinus (Selinunte)

Megara Hyblaea

Naxos

Selinus

Akragas

“Ephebe” or Kouros

Akragas (Agrigento)

5th century / c. 480-470 BC

Marble

Magna GraeciaMagna Graecia

Temple of Hera I, c. 550-525 BC, limestone

Temple of Hera II, Paestum, c. 460 BC, limestone

Tomb of the D

iver, Paestum

Tomb of the Diver, c. 480-470 BC, Paestum, limestone & paint

The EtruscansThe Etruscans

Orientalizing Period in Italy

• Main agents = Phoenicians• Process : artistic motifs & objects from

Near East are introduced into western art through trade and other contacts

• 8th through 6th centuries BC• Style = hybrid of Egyptian/Assyrian motifs

Bocchoris Vase, 720-715 BCfaience, Tarquinia

Decorated ostrich egg, mid 7th century BC, Tarquinia

Caisra = Caere

Tarchna = Tarquinia

Caere, or Cerveteri and its surrounding necropoleis

Regolini-Galassi Tomb

Regolini-Galassi Tomb, c. 650 BC, in the Sorbo necropolis, Caere

discovered in 1836

Gold necklace with pendants, c. 650 BC, gold and amber, Regolini-Galassi tomb, Caere

Silver cup, inscribed as belonging to “Larth”

Bronze cauldron with protomes in form of lion’s head, Regolini-Galassi tomb, c. 650 BC, Caere (Cerveteri)

Gold disk fibula, c. 650 BC, Regolini-Galassi tomb, Caere

~ 12.5” high

Gold pectoral, gold laminate, c. 650 BC, Regolini-Galassi tomb, Caere

~ 11 x 16”

Veii, Portonaccio Sanctuaryc. 500 BC

so-called Temple of Apollo,most likely Temple of Minerva

Basic Italic temple style

• raised podium

• frontal stair

• deep front porch

• alae (wings)

• one or three cellae

• sine postico - no rear porch

antefix pierced cresting

columen plaque

Greek v. Etruscan

Archaic Greek v. Italic temples

Greek Temples• Steps all around• Peristyle > peripteral• Interior columns• Pronaos, cella, opisthodomos• Doric & Ionic orders• Closed pediment with sculpture• Antefixes• Water spouts• Uniform look all around• Eastward orientation

Italic / Etruscan Temples• High, raised podium• Prostyle, sometimes pseudo-

peripteral• No interior columns usually• (pronaos), cella, and alae• Tuscan order• Open pediment; columen sculpture• Pierced cresting• Sculpture on ridgepole• Antefixes• Water spouts• Strong overhang in eaves• Frontal orientation• Southward orientation, usually

Veii, Portonaccio Sanctuary

so-called Temple of Apollo,most likely Temple of Minerva

Portonaccio temple model

Portonaccio temple elevation

Apollo of Veii, c. 510 - 500 BCpainted terracotta~5 ft. 10 in.Villa Giulia Museum, Rome

Anavyssos Kouros, late 6th cent. BC

Apollo of Veii, c. 500 BC

Anavyssos Kouros Apollo of Veii

Antefix

Gorgon’s head

Veii

Caisra = Caere = Cerveteri

Banditaccia necropolis

c. 700 - 200 BC

Caere (Cerveteri)

Sarcophagus of the Married Couplec. 520 BC terracottaCaere (Cerveteri)

Tumulus

Tomb of the Shields & Chairs

Tarchna = Tarquinia

Tarquinia: Montarozzi necropolis

Tomb of the Augurs, c. 520 BC, tufa & paint, Tarquinia