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Grammar Preparation for TOEIC Test
Reading Part 5-6 : Incomplete Sentence & Text Completion
Theme• Office issues • Financial issues• Sales and marketing• Business transactions • Schedules
Grammar issues • Verb tense• Verb form• Subject-verb agreement • Pronouns
• PrepositionsVocabulary issue Word families (related
words) Parts of speech Transportation Tourism Dining out Entertainment Weather Transition words Comparative adjectives
Adverbs Time clauses Conditionals
Incomplete Sentence You will choose the best words or phrases to complete sentences
The reading passagesinclude a variety of typeslike those you might see incommon business oreveryday contexts. TheyMay be of the followingtypes
• E-mails • Letters• Memos • Instructions • Notices • Articles • Advertisement
Text Completion You will read passages with incomplete sentences and choose the best words or phrases to complete these sentences
Part of Speech
S. singular + V. singular
Anna reads book.
S.plural + V.plural
Anna and Ed read book.
Subject-Verb Agreement
Countable/ UncountableSingular/ Plural
PositionSuffix
Noun
Countable NounSingular Form boy potatowatch
country leaf manfish--
Plural Form boys potatoesWatchesCountriesLeavesMenFishPantsclothes
Uncountable noun[abstract, food, subject, field, weather, language, sport,
activity, category]
Be treated as singular noun
water sugar bread dust sand hair
reading jogging scrabble chess skateboarding advice possibility reputation laziness importancefamily staff team army crowd government club gang band committee
Countable Uncountable
A Many Few A few
Much Little A little
Determiner
Countable and uncountableThe, some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, enough, no
Singular Plural
Countable a boy, an apple, one
boxUncountable happiness, advice,
flattery
S.singular + V.singular
3 cats, 3 men, 5 goose, 2 busses
S.plural + V.plural
Singular or Plural
Education - educatePermission - permitEntertainment - entertainDepartment - departSignal - signSurvival - surviveSlavery - slaveFishery - fishCoverage -coverStorage - storeInsurance -insure
Suffix noun/ verb/ adjective + suffix
Existence - existConstituent - constituteDispatcher - dispatchInstructor - instructPediatrician - pediatricsSpecialist - specialPartnership - partnerSincerity - sincereCompleteness -
completeAccuracy - accurateDeath - dead
Personal (I, you, she, he, it, etc.)
Demonstrative (this, these, that, those)
Relative (who, whom, which, that, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever)
Pronoun
After adjective, article, quantifier, determiner, or preposition
Before verb
Position of Noun
*Nouns can be replaced by pronoun
Position of Noun A lionfish is a swimming paradox. It is
painted in fierce hues of orange and white but it has an almost melancholy expression.
It has fearsome venomous spines sticking out of its back, but elegant fan-shaped fins protruding from its side.
And although it floats with an indolent air, it is actually an active and skilled predator—one that hunts in teams using surprisingly sophisticated tactics.
A lionfish is a swimming paradox. It is painted in fierce hues of orange and white but it has an almost melancholy expression.
It has fearsome venomous spines sticking out of its back, but elegant fan-shaped fins protruding from its side.
And although it floats with an indolent air, it is actually an active and skilled predator—one that hunts in teams using surprisingly sophisticated tactics.
"Our observations show that large loads of plastic fragments, with sizes from microns to some millimeters, are unaccounted for in the surface loads," says Cozar, who teaches at the University of Cadiz in Spain, by e-mail. "But we don't know what this plastic is doing. The plastic is somewhere—in the ocean life, in the depths, or broken down into fine particles undetectable by nets."
"Our observations show that large loads of plastic fragments, with sizes from microns to some millimeters, are unaccounted for in the surface loads," says Cozar, who teaches at the University of Cadiz in Spain, by e-mail. "But we don't know what this plastic is doing. The plastic is somewhere—in the ocean life, in the depths, or broken down into fine particles undetectable by nets."
Ms. Brown is a gifted speaker, and everybody_______ listening to her talks.(A) are enjoying(B) have enjoyed(C) enjoys(D) enjoy
Many environmental analyst recommend that nations reduce their ______ on non-renewable energy source.
A. Dependently
B. Dependence
C. Dependent
D. Depend
Those snacks on the table_______for this afternoon’s staff meeting.
(A) is(B) are(C) has(D) was
Several clients are visiting from out of town, and I asked_______to join us for dinner tonight.
(A) it(B) him(C)they(D) them
Ms. Jackson is interested in reading the marketing report and asked us to send_______a copy.(A) she(B) herself(C) hers(D) her
Both financial advisors recommend investing in pharmaceutical companies although Paul Laurinen is suggesting a wider ______ of stocks.
A. Select
B. Selected
C. Selection
D. Selective
All the employees working in this department_______ a formal evaluation at the end of the year.
(A) has received(B) is receiving(C) receives(D) receive
Since the closing of the community theater, many Corana resident have become strong ______ of public funding for the arts.
A. Supportive
B. Supporters
C. Supporting
D. Support
Our company usually_______a party for the entire staff at the end of the year.
(A) give(B) gives(C) have given(D) were giving
Mr. and Mrs. Spellborn will be joining the party late due to _____ son's school play. a) they b) their c) theirs d) them
The last ________ for the new position did very poorly on his interview. a) applying b) application c) applicant d) appliance
Form of verb
Infinitive Verb V.1 (Present) V.2 (Past) V.3 (Past participle)
V.ing (continuous)
do Do/does did done doing be Is/ am/ are Was/were been being have Have/ has had had having walk Walk/ walks walked walked walking
-ate fix (v.) - fixate (v.) -enfat (adj.) fatten (v.) -ify electric (adj.) -electrify (v.) -ize central (adj.) centralize (v.)
Suffixes of Verb
Amplify Beautify Certify Clarify Classify Identify Intensify Justify Modify Notify
Apologize Authorize Capitalize Centralize Characterize Advertise Analyze Organize Urbanize
Educate Facilitate Participate Concentrate Evaluate Validate Considerate Demonstrate
Sharpen Lighten Shorten Widen Frighten Moisten
• Enlarge• Entrain
Verb with suffix ending
Gerund VS Infinitive
Gerund Infinitive
function as nouns and are created from verb ending in -ing
Can appear at the same position with noun
frequently used as nouns and also as adjectives or adverbs
usually made up of the word to and the present tense of a verb
admitadviseappreciateavoidcan't helpcompleteconsiderdelaydenydetestdislikeenjoy
escapeexcusefinishforbidget throughhaveimaginemindmisspermitpostponepractice
quitrecallreportresentresistresumeriskspend (time)suggesttoleratewaste (time)
Verb followed by gerundEx. They enjoy working on the boat.
agreeaimappeararrangeask attemptbe ablebegbegincare choosecondescend
consentcontinuedaredecidedeservedetestdislikeexpectfailforgetgethappenhave
hesitatehopehurryintendleavelikelovemeanneglectofferplanpreferprepare
proceedpromiseproposerefuseremembersaystartstopsweartrywaitwantwish
Verb followed by to+infinitiveEx. She agree to speak before the game.
advise attempt bear begin cease continuedislike fear hate intend learn like love
omit plan prefer propose start
ForgetRememberTryRegretStop
allow bid encourage forbid feel hear let make notice observe recommend
Both gerund and infinitive
1. Alan can’t stand _________ on trains. (riding/ to ride)
2. Mr. Harris enjoys _________ people out to dinner. (inviting / to invite)
3. In the old days, gentlemen challenged their rivals _______. (fighting / to fight)
4. As the famous saying goes, there’s no use ______ over spilt milk. (crying / to cry)
5. Jim stopped _________ his shoelace. Wait for him. (tying / to tie)
6. My wife always volunteers ___________ cakes PTA meetings. (baking / to bake)
7. Don’t waste my time ___________ about your salary. (complaining/ to complain)
8. Eva is having trouble _________ on the exam. (concentrating / to concentrate)
9. Please allow me ____________ your Facebook page. (joining / to join)
10. You won’t forget _________milk on your way home, will you? (picking up /to pick up)
The new loading dock for incoming delivery trucks plans ________ by the end of this month. a) opened b) open c) to open d) opening
When the photocopier jams, I always get Jason _______ it.A.fixB.to fixC.to correctD.fixing
I remember ………. the door this morning when I left.
A) to lockB) to have lockedC) lockingD) lock
__________________________ that for another meeting.
a) Let's to leave b) Let's be leaving c) Let's leave
Please ask Robert _________________to the meeting. a) to be coming b) to come c) come
She finished…….the report during the weekend.
A) typeB) to typeC) typingD) typed
Not transform Ex.
Will + V. infinitive
Such aswill, can, could, shall, may, must……….
Modal Verb
Verb Tense
Tense Form or Aspect
PresentV.1
PastV.2
Futurewill + V. infinitive
Simple tense V
Continuous tense V. to be + V.ing
Perfect tense V. to have +V. 3
Perfect continuous tense V. to have + been +
V.ing
Tense Chart
Tense Aspect
Present Past Future
Simple S + V.1 S + V.2 S + will + V. infinitive
Continuous S +is/am/are + V.ing S + was/were + v.ing S+ will+ be + V.ing
Perfect S + has/have + V.3
S+had+V.3 S+ will + have + V.3
Perfect Continuous
S + has/have + been + V. ing
S+ had + been + V.ing S+ will + have+ been + V.ing
Subject of sentence is not the performer but is the receiver of the action
V. to be + V.3
Harry ate (v.2) six shrimp at dinner. (active)At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry. (passive)
Sue changed the flat tire. (active)The flat tire was changed by Sue. (passive)
I will clean the house every Saturday. (active)The house will be cleaned by me every Saturday. (passive)
Passive Voice
Tense Aspect
Present Past Future
Simple active S + V.1 S + V.2 S + will + V. infinitive
passive S+ is/am/are + v.3
Continuous active S +is/ am/are + V.ing
passive S + is/am/are + being + v.3
Perfect active S + has/have + V.3
passive
Perfect Continuous
active S + has/have + been + V. ing
passive
The software developers __________ investigated the latest problem.
a) are just b) still c) have yet d) have already
While the stock ________ , the staff worked in the evenings.
a) was checked b) check c) was being checked d) has been checked
I __________________________ to a trade fair until I went to the one in Las Vegas last month.
a) had never been b) was never c) have never been
By the time my boss gets here, I _________________ my report. a) will have finishedb) would be finishedc) finish
Our office usually __________________________ at 5:00 PM, but today we're staying open until 6.
a) closes b) is closing c) closed
I __________________________ the approval of three committee members before Bob signed off on the project.
a) had already gotten b) did already get c) have already gotten
By the time you ______ with them, they will have the problem solved.
A.meetB.have metC.are meetingD.met
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