Grammar book mckenzie

Gramatica de Libro

By: McKenzie Feyerabend

Table of Contents1) Front Cover2) Table of Contents3) Present tense4) Stem changers 5) Irregular6) Saber vs. Conocer7) Reflexives8) Se impersonal9) Verbs like gustar10) Irregular verbs11) Hacer expressions12) Imperfect13) Preterite tense14) Comparatives/ Superlatives15) Future

Presente – Ar, Er, Ir verbos

Ar Er Ir

-o -o -o

-as -es -es-a -e -e

-amos -emos -imos

-an -en -en

Stem Change

--No se cambian en el nosotros ni vosotros

“e” se convierte a “ie”“e” se convierte a “I”“o” se convierte a “ue”“u” se convierte a “ue”

Irregulares en el presente

“go”, “zco”, y los demas verbos

Saber vs. Conocer

• Both mean to know.

• Irregular in yo form. (Se, conozco)

Saber- Used to express knowledge of facts.

Conocer- Used to express familiarity with places or people.

Reflexives

Me Te Se Nos Se

El tiene que banarse.

Command: Banate

Conjugated verb: Te banas

Se Impersonal

Passive voice- No specific person

Reciprocal action

Verbs like Gustar

In english we use “liking”, but in spanish it doesn’t exist.

Example: Maria le gusta escuela. It is more direct.

Hacer Expressions

Irregular—Cucharacha verbs

• Andar- Anduve

• Estar- Estuv

• Poder- Pude

• Poner- Pus

• Quere- Quis

• Saber- Sup

• Tener- Tuv

• Vener- Vin

• Conducir- Conduj

• Producir- Produj

• Traducir- Traduj

• Decir- Dij

• Traer- Traj

-Uir/guir, -cer/cir, -ger/gir

• Gu-O en yo. (E-I)

• Cer/cir- (c-z) en yo

• (c-zc)

Irregular--Spock

IR/SER• Fui• Fuiste• Fue• Fuimos• Fueron

DAR/VER• I

• Iste

• Io

• Imos

• ieronHACER• Hice

• Hiciste

• Hizo

• Hicimos

• hicieron

El Imperfecto-- snakes

In third person

Leer, creer, oir change the I to Y in third person.

El imperfecto

Used to express actions in the past that occurred repeatedly or over a long period of time.

Preterite-tense verbs with spelling

Pedir (e>i)Dormir (o>u)

Pedi DormiPediste DormistePedio DurmioPedimos DormimosPediesteis DormisteisPidieron Durmieron

Preterite

Endings: e, aste, o, amos, aron

Past action that is completed.

Triggers:

Comparatives/Superlatives

Mas..que - more than

Menos…que - less than

Tan…como - as (much) as

Tanto…como - as much

Definite article + noun + mas or menos + adjective

Future

Endings: e, as, a, emos, an

Irregulars: poner– pondre. Decir– dire

Triggers:

Ser vs. Estar

• Descriptions

• Origin De..

• Characteristics

• Time

• Occupation

• Relationships

• Events

• Dates

SER

• Health

• Emotions

• Location

• Present Condition

• ING- Ar>ando

• Er/Ir> iendo/yendo

ESTAR

Dipthongs with accents

Verbs like estudiar and limpiar do not require accents because the stress is not placed on the “I”

Hacer + ___ + que + ___

Adjectivos

Mas, menos, tan, tanto

Ser vs. Estar

SER Descriptions-Lapiz,

Cuaderno Origin de..Mexico, Peru Characteristics- alto, baja Time- Es la una, Son las Occupation- doctor Relationships-Hermano/

hermanastro Possession- De quien es.. Events- De la clase, fiesta Dates- Lunes, Martes

ESTAR Health- bien, mal

Emotions-Triste

Location- la case, la escuela

Present Condition- sucio, cerrado

Table of Contents parte dos!Preterite/Imperfect

Future/Conditional

Por

Para

Por vs. para

Commands

Present Perfect

Double Object pronouns

Adverbs

Subjunctive

Se Impersonal

Progressive

Preterite vs. Imperfecto

Endings:

e, aste, o, amos, aronPast action

that is completed.

Used to express actions in the past that occurred repeatedly or over a long period of time.

Future/ Conditional

Helps you talk about what would happen under certain conditions.

Irregular stem- same endings.

Dicir Dire DiriaEndings—• Ia• Ias• Ia• Iamos• ian

Por

Motion

Destination

Purpose or goal

Recepient of something operation

"¿Por qué?" means "Why?" (for what reason) while "¿Para qué?“means "Why?" (for what purpose).

Para

• Destination• Deadline or specific time in the future• Purpose or goal• Recipient of something• Comparisions with other or to give an

opinion• In the employ of

Por VS Para

Motion

Destination

Purpose or goal

Recepient of something operation

"¿Por qué?" means "Why?" (for what reason) while "¿Para qué?“means "Why?" (for what purpose).

• Destination• Deadline or specific time in

the future• Purpose or goal• Recipient of something• Comparisions with other or

to give an opinion• In the employ of

Commands!

Used to tell someone to do something.

Ejemplo: Haga la tarea. (Do your homework)

Present Perfect

It means “has” or “have” done something.

I have studied he estudio.• Place He before the verb.

Has Ha Hemos Han

Double Object Pronouns

When a direct object pronoun and an indirect object pronoun are in the same sentence, the indirect object pronoun goes before the DO pronoun.

Ejemplo: Ellan me los dicen.

Make it negative by putting no before the pronouns.

Ejemplo: No me lo dice.

Adverbs

Adverbs usually have ~mente at the end of the word. It is like -ly in english.

rapidamente

mal

perfectamente

Subjunctives

• Indicate mood• states facts, actions, and attitudes• Ar- e, es, e, emos, en• Er- a, as, a, amos, an• Irregular-

• dar, estar, ir, saber, ser, hay• Dar- de, des, de, demos, den

Se impersonal

se= one/people

¿Se puede nadar en el lago?

Can you swim in the lake? / Can one swim in the lake?

Se is used as the reflexive pronoun for third-person uses (including when usted or ustedes is the subject).

Progressive w/ Ir, Andar, y Seguir

Ir

Andar

Seguir (e-i)

+ ando/iendo/yendoIs slowly but surely ___ing

+ ando/iendo/yendoIs going around ___ing

+ ando/iendo/yendoIs still ____ing