Francesco unit 2._properties_of_matter

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Unit 2. PROPERTIES

OFMATTER

Francesco Scudellari – Comenius Assistant 2010/2011Francisco Rodriguez Marín Institute – Osuna (Spain)

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What is matter?

- Matter is anything that occupies space and can be measured

Can you give me some examples of matter?

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Examples of matter

Everything around us is made of matter

rockswater

animalsplants

planets

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Properties of matter

Two pieces of matter cannot occupy the same space– Example: the sun cannot occupy the same

place in space as the moon!!

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Bodies of matter, systems of matter

Bodies of matter (BODY = CUERPO):

Objects having definite limits.

Systems of matter:

Things with limits that are not precise

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a stone a treethe sea

a forest

a house

a seashellYourself!(=tú mismo/a)

a mountain range

Which is a body of matter and which a system of matter?

BODY(has got definiteIlimits)

BODY SYSTEM(doesn’t have precise limits)

BODY

BODY

BODYSYSTEMSYSTEM

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Extensive properties of matter

• Extensive properties depend on the amount (=cantitad) of matter present– Examples: mass, weight, length, volume

This cube of stone has mass of 4 kg, a length of 3 cm, and a volume of 27 cm3

Mass, length, volume depend on the amount of matter present!

This cube of stone has mass of 120 kg, a length of 20 cm, and a volume of 4000 cm3 !!!!!

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Intensive properties of matter

• Intensive properties of matter do not depend on the amount (=cantitad) of matter present

Examples of intensive properties: density, color, boiling point

(to boil = hervir)

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Example

They have different volume, length, mass, etc.But they have the same boiling point (100ºC): BOILING POINT IS AN INTENSIVE PROPERTY!

A pan full of water A thermal pool

At which temperature does the water in the pan boil?

At which temperature does the water in the pool boil?

100ºC

100ºC

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Matter can be measured• Some extensive and intensive properties

can be measured

For example, we can measure properties such as:LENGTH (=longitud) (extensive)VOLUME (extensive)DENSITY (intensive)MASS….. (extensive)

Do you understand the verb to measure?Can you translate it in Spanish?

TO MEASURE = MEDIR

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MEASURING LENGTH

• Length: the distance between two pointsWe use rulers and measuring tape to

determine length

RULER MEASURING TAPE

In Europe, what are the most common units of measurement for length?

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Units of Length:the Ladder Method

KmHm

Damm

dmcm

mm

×10 for each step

÷10 for each step

For example:15 m = …… cm1500

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25 Hm = …… m1 Km = …..…… mm

KmHm

Damm

dmcm

mm

×10 for each step

÷10 for each step

725 dm = …….. Dam

1,000,000

2,500

7.25

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MEASURING AREA

• Area: the space occupied by two dimensions, length × width

The area of this rectangle is:

4 × 2 = 8

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What is the unit of measurement for area?

Square metres (m )2

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Units of AreaKm2

Hm2

Dam2

m2

dm2

cm2

mm2

×100 for each step

÷100 for each step

15 cm = …… mm250 mm = …..cm

13 Km = ……… Dam

2.5

1,500

130,000

2 2

2 2

2 2

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MEASURING VOLUME

• Volume: the total space occupied by a body, length × width × height

Example: the volume of a fish tank

Volume is measured in ………….

Cubic metres

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Units of VolumeKm3

Hm3

Dam3

m3

dm3

cm3

mm3

×1000 for each step

÷1000 for each step

For example: 12 m = …………. cm3

312,000,000

And 1600 cm = ……… dm

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31.6

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MEASURING CAPACITY• Capacity: the total space occupied by a

fluid (another way of measuring volume)

Example: the capacity of a bottle of Coke or of a fuel tank

I am sure you know at least one unit of measurementof capacity. Can you speak its name aloud?

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One of the most commonly used units of capacity is….

LITRE

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Units of Capacity

KL

HL

DaL

L

dL

cL

mL

×10 for each step

÷10 for each step

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MEASURING MASS

• Mass: the amount of matter in a body– Measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg) using

a scale

A scale is not this: A scale is this:

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Units of Mass

Kg

Hg

Dag

g

dg

cg

mg

×10 for each step

÷10 for each step

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MEASURING DENSITY

• Density: how concentrated the mass is, mass ∕ volumeExample: which object has the higher density,

an anvil ( ) or a sponge( ) ?

ANSWER: the anvil, because its mass is more concentrated!

The unit of measurement for density is….

g/cm (grams over cubic centimetres)

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TEMPERATURE

• Temperature: the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or system; the thermal energy of a body– Measured in degrees Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit

(°F), and Kelvin (K)

• How do we measure temperature here in Europe?

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To measure temperature, in Europe we use……….

Celsius degrees! (ºC)

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THE END!