Flashing Eye Robot / Teaching Electronic Circuits

Flashing Eye RobotMultivibrator circuitClubjesmiddag 18 Mar 2014

Adam Dorrell

Adam Dorrell / Clubjesdag 18 Mar 2014

What this is

• Produce a “Flashing Eye Robot”• Learning basic electronic circuit• Agenda

– Build and understand basic LED circuit with switch

– Make a flashing light circuit with 2 LEDs and 2 transistors

• Technical name: “astable multivibrator”

– Understand how it works• Advanced

– Change some components to change flashing rate

– Two LEDs 1:1 duty cycle also 1 LED like lighthouse 1:10 duty cycle

– Make a lighthouse

Our first circuitElectricity

BatteryResistor

Push button switch

Battery

• A source of electricity• We will use a 9v (9 volt) battery• Electricity flows from + to -• DO NOT LET THE WIRES TOUCH!

– This will cause a short circuit.– May cause a fire, will certainly

flatten battery!

• LED is a “Light Emitting Diode”• Invented in 1962• Light is produced directly from electricity• Can only work one way round

– Long lead goes to +• Needs a resistor (or it burns out)

Resistor

• Resistor reduces voltage level

• It “squeezes” the electricity, letting only some of it through

• They are measured in “Ohms”

• Symbol: Ω or R

• Today we will use 2 types:– Orange-Orange-Brown-

Silver = 330R = 330Ω– Brown-Blk-Yellow-Silver =

100K = 100,000Ω

Push button

• Makes a contact when pushed• Completes our circuit and allows

electricity to flow through it

Learning about the breadboard

All holes in the selected column are internally connected.

Row 10 etc

Circuit Layout – Simple LED

Breadboard

LED D1R1 – 330R

Button

+9v -9v

Battery

Our first circuit – on the breadboard

What happens when you push button?What happens if you have the LED in the wrong way?

LED Circuit

Press the button

2. Flashing Light Circuit

• We can make a simple circuit to flash LEDs

• It uses 2 transistors as switches

• Also capacitors to store the electrical charge, for the length of flash

• This is the basic part of any computer

Circuit Diagram - Flashing LEDs

Battery

Transistor

Capacitor

Correct name: Astable Multivibrator

Transistor

• Invented in 1947• A transistor is a “Switch”• It is in every item of electronics• In an iphone or computer, there are

1,000,000s in a tiny “chip”• Today we will use a BC547

– It costs EUR 0.10

B = BaseC = CollectorE = Emitter

BC547 NPN bipolar transistor

Capacitor

• A capacitor stores electricity– It holds an electrical

“charge” for some time– We use it to make the

switch stay on for about 1 second

Building it 1

Put in the 1st transistor Make sure it is in the right way!

C – B - E

Put in the 1st LED. Make sure it is in the right wayLong lead goes in row 1

Add the power leadsRed goes in Row 1Black connects to the transistor (E – Emitter)DO NOT CONNECT THE BATTERY YET!

Row 1 (+)

Emitter of transistor (-)

Put in the 1st resistorThis is the 330R resistor (orange, orange, brown)Row 2 to the transistor (Collector C)You can bend it into shape

Add the small yellow wire to Row 1This connects the (+) up the two halves of the circuit

Now add the 2nd resistor. This is the 100K resistor Brown-Blk-Yellow-Silver = 100K = 100,000ΩIt connects from row 1 to the centre of the transistor (Base = B)

Add the black wire to the transistor E connection (-)This will supply the (-) power to the other half of the circuit

Add the 1st capacitor.This connects to the C Collector of transistor 1 and the B Base of transistor 2

Add the 2nd capacitor.This connects to the B base (centre) of transistor 1 and the C Collector of transistor 2 BE CAREFUL NOT TO LET THE WIRES TOUCH!

Don’t let the wires cross ⊖

Connect the yellow wireAdd resistor 4This is the 330R This is the 330R resistor (orange, orange, brown)Row 2 to the transistor 2 (Collector C)

Now add the 3nd resistor. This is the 100K resistor Brown-Blk-Yellow-Silver = 100K = 100,000ΩIt connects from row 1 to the centre of the transistor 2 (Base = B)

Bend the resistor into shapeDon’t let the wires touch

Connect the black wire

Add transistor 2Take care to put in the right way!

Add LED 2Careful to put in the right way!The long lead goes into row 1

Now you can connect to the battery!Let’s check it works!

Circuit Layout – Flashing Lights

+9v -9v

LED D1

LED D2

Q1 BC547

R1 – 330R

Q2 BC547

R2 – 330R

R4 – 100K

C2 10u ⊖R4 – 100K

C1 10u

Battery

Making the Robot

How it works

Battery

Transistor

Capacitor

How it works 2

Battery

Transistor

Capacitor

Advanced (if time)

• Change colour of LEDs• Add more LEDs• Change the values of the resistor and capacitor• Make the flash 1:10 instead of 1:1

Parts list• PARTS LIST

– 2 x BC548 NPN transistor – 2 x LED 10mm mix colour– 2 x 330R resistor (0.5w)– 2 x 10u Capacitor– 2 x 100K Resistor– 1 x 9v battery– 1 x 9v holder– 1 x button 6mm sq– Small breadboard

• PARTS LIST (NL)– 2 x BC548 Bipolaire NPN transistor – 2 x LED 10mm mix kleur– 2 x 330R weerstand (0.5w)– 2 x 10u Elektrolyt condensator – 2 x 100K weerstand – 1 x 9v 9V batterij (blok)– 1 x 9v Batterijclip– 1 x Druktoets 6mm sq– Insteekprintplaat

Flashing Eye Robot / Teaching Electronic Circuits

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