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Дэд проф Ц.Сумъяа
Анrли хэлегуулбэр зуй
(Дурэм, да.сгал, сорихго)
Гурав дахь хэвлэл
Хянан тохиолдуулсан Др.Проф. Чой.Пувсснжов
Улаанбаатар
2004
Chapter Eight Exercises: Exercise
3. Through the use of computers and modems to send data overtelephone lines, efficient communications is possible.
4. "Modulator and demodulator" are what modem stand for.5. Thousands of electronic "bulletin boards" across the country is
actually computers with modems that exchange data.6. Thanks is due to volunteers called SYSOP's, or system
operators,for operating those bulletin boards.
7. A network of users asks questions and checks the bulletin board.
8. Graphics are posted for others to copy for their own use.9. A team of computer operators use modems to transmit
messagesat different speeds.
10. At any speed, tvelve pages take less time to send by modemthan
by even the speediest mail service.
XOpMH rypaanyraap Aacran Exercise Twenty Three
,QapaaXb erVV1l63PVVAI.1Vir H5IrTIlaH yHwaaA, 6yxl.1Vi II anaaarsanpyynas 61.1'-1. 8ryyJ13rAXVVH, eryyJ13xVVHI.1Vi 30X1.14011A ronnoaasxaapax.
A dazed crowd wander about staring at the debris. Alone on theboards of the second floor stand a toilet and sink a tub sits firmly on aconcrete slab with the house in rubble around it. Two pickup trucks infront of the house rocks with their wheels in the air. The next housedon't have a roof but the house after that is untouched.
This sene debris and chaos are a disaster. A tomaedo hasstruck. No one has been killed, but hundreds of people is stunned.Fortunately, there are some relief on the way. How do the Red crosshelp? Within a day, a crew of caseworkers begin to interview thefamilies and porvide assistance. Whatever the victims doesn't haveany longer- clothes, as well as food and medicine- is donated anddistributed.The Red Cross distribute money and vouchers rather than actualgoods because that helps the local economy. Many businessesappears damaged by the disaster, and they needs customers to helpthem rebuild. Politics play no part here; what the Red Cross providesare help and support for all.
75
ChapterEight Exercises: Exercise
H3r A3X copanro Test One
Directions: One or more of the underlined sections in the followingsentences may contain errors grammar, usage, punctuation, spelling, orcapitalization.
Write the letter of each incorrect section, then rewrite the item correctly. Ifthere is no error in an item, write E.
Example According to Charles L. Hogue of the .=:Lo~s~_
A
Angeles county Musuem of Natural Historv. "Knee-highB C
to a grasshopper" is about one-half an inch. No errorD E
Answer B. Los Angeles County C. History, " knee-high
1.Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence. Which was laterA B
revized by Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Congress. and Jeffersonhimself.
C DNo error
E
2. The word anesthesia coined in 1846 in Boston, was formed from greekA B
word parts meaning "lack of feeling," No errorC D E
3. Aspirin is the most widely used drug in the world. scientists still do notABC D
know why or how it works. No errorE
4, Santa Fe's official name Villa Real de la Santa de Fe San Francisco AsisA B
is one of the longest place names in the world, No errorC D E
5. Our sixteenth president Abraham Lincoln was voted the best U.S.A
President in a 1982 survey of leading historians. political scholars andBCD
authors. No errorE
76
Chapter Eight Exercises: Exercise
6. Originaly written as a bank commerical. "We've Only Just Begun" becameABC
a popular hit in the 1970's. No errorD E
7.Plays. written by William Shakespeare are performed throughout the worldA B
in such diverse languages as Japanese, Russian, , Italian and Hebrew. NoC D
errorE
8. The twentv first century which will begin with the year 2001 is almost uponABC
us. No errorD E
9. Although Poetry magazine was only a small Chicago periodical itA B
contributed to the early recognition of such great poets as Frost. Pound.Eliot,
CSandburg. and Edgar Lee Masters. No error
D E
10. While some people argue about whether the Loch Ness monster exists&
A Ball. others think there may be more than one. No error
C D E
11. President Truman's full name was Harry S Truman the "S" was not anA B
abreviation for a name and was correctly written without a period. No errorC D E
12. Although Othello is the title role in the play of that name. The vilJian lagoABC
has almost half again as many lines. No errorD E
77
Chapter Eight Exercises: Exercise
Directions Each of the following sentences has a grammaticalproblem. On your paper write the letter of the corrected sentence.
13. The Baghdad battery is an an articraft that looks like a modernchemical battery found in the ruins of a 2000-year-old village.
A. The Baghdad battery is an articraft that looks like a modernchemical battery found. In the ruins of a 2000-year-old village.B. Found in the ruins of a 2000-year-old village, the Baghdadbattery is an articraft that looks like a modern chemical battery.C. The Baghdad battery is an articraft that looks like a modernchemical battery to find in the ruins of a 2000-year-old village.
14. Asking a price of $200000 in 1980, a tropical rain forest near Sea
Turtle Park in Costa Rica was offered for sale.A. A tropical rain forest near Sea Turtle Park in Costa Rica wasoffered for sale, asking a price of $ 200 000 in 1980.B. Asking a price of $200 000, a tropical rain forest near SeaTurtle Park in Costa was offered for sale in 1980.C. Asking a price of $ 200 000, in 1980 a government agencyoffered a topical rain forest near Sea Turtle Park in Costa Rica
for sale.
15. Appearing in 1894, Joseph Pulitzer published the first full-colurcomic strip in his New York newspaper.
A.Appearing in 1894 in his New Your newspaper, JosephPulitzer published the first full-colour comic strip.B. Joseph Pulitzer published the first full-colour comic strip in
his . New York newspaper appearing in 1894.C. Appearing in 1894, the first full-colour comic strip waspublished by Joseph Pulitzer in his New York newspaper.
16. To put astronauts on the moon, many hours of scientific studyand vast amounts of money were expended.
A. Putting astronauts on the moon, many hours of scientificstudy and vast amounts of money were expended.B. To put astronauts on the moon, NASA expended many hoursof scientific study and vast amounts of money.C. To put asronauts on the moon, vast amounts of money andmany hours of scientific study had to be expended.
78
Chapter Eight Exercises: Exercise
17. One can see the backward-growing hair that gives a Rhodesianridgeback its name along its spine.
A. The backward growing hair that gives a Rhodesianridgeback
its name can be seen along its spine.B. Along its spine, the backward-growing hair that gives aRhodesian ridgeback its name one can see.C. The backward-growing hair that one can see gives ARhodesian ridgeback its name along its spine.
18. Alarmed by the mild tremors, supplies were hoarded and survivalkits were bought.
A. Supplies, alarmed by mild tremors, were hoarded and survivalkits were bought.B. Being alarmed by the mild tremors, supplies were hoarded
and survival kits were bought.C. Alarmed by the mild tremors, people hoarded supplies andbought survival kits.
CopMIlro Test 2
Directions One or more underlined sections in the following sentencesmay contain errors of grammar, usage, punctution, spelling orcapitalization. Write the letter of each incorrect section; then rewritethe item correctly. If there is no error in an item, write E.
Example The first money to carry the motto" In God WeA
B .Trust"~ bank notes which apeared in 1864. No
C Derror
EAnswer C -was D appeared
1.Warner Brothers studios must have wanted to have set a record when itA B
asked John Barrymore to bestow 191 kisses on a number of beautifulC
senoritas in the film Don Juan. No errorD E
79
Chapter Eight Exercises: Exercise
2. Before his death in 1941, Robert Baden-Powell, who founded the BoyA
Scouts, is also a British intelligence officer. No errorBCD E
3. Many of the workers building the St. Gotthard Tunnel in Switzerland inABC
1882 were injured. No errorD E
4. The lute. with its descendents the sitar, violin, fiddle, guitar, andukulele,
Aare more widely used than any other stringed instrument in the world. NoBCDerror
E
5.Nether a large handful of potato chips D.Q[ a large bowl of pretzel haveas
A Bmuch salt as one serving of canned soup. No error
D E
C
6. If Vincent van Gogh would have been able to sell his paintings for whatA
they bringtoday.he wouldhavedieda billionaire several timesover insteadBCD
of a pauper. No errorE
7. The sphinx, a beautiful and mysterious statue, se~ not far from where
A Bthe Great Pyramid of Giza raises into the sky. No error
C D E8. Though they could have fled before the storm began, Lee Trevino, Jerry
A BHeard, and Bobby Nickols were all struck by lightning at the WesternOpen
Gold Tournament in 1975. No errorE
80
C D
Chapter Eight Exercises: Exercise
9. For camouflage a bug called Fulgora lucifera has a false head thatlaysABC
on the ground and resembles the head of a South American alligator. NoD
errorE
10. Truth or Consequences were first seen in 1956, making it one of theABC
oldest game shows on television. No errorD E
11. Native Americans had been living in what i§. now the United Statesfor
ABCthousands of years before Christopher Columbus "discoered" it. No error
D E12. Although virtually every man and woman in America are familiar with
A Bthe ice-making properties of the freezer, few is aware that this mashinewas
Cinvented by a doctor to provide ice for fever-racked patients. No error
D E13. The rattlesnake and the copperhead is famous for being poisonous.but
A Bthe cobra is the most dangerous venomous snake. No error
C D E14. In the television series,''The Many loves of Dobie Gillis," a whole castof
AFuturestars, includingWarrenBeattyand Tuesday Weld,were representative
B Cof average American teenagers. No error
D E15. Anyone who saw the film Dr,X, has seen Humprey Bogart in a horrer
ABC Dmovie. No error
E16.Marlon Brando was bom in Omaha Nebraska,but he don't sound like a
. A B --CMidwesterner in The Godfather. No error
D E
81
Chapter Eight Exercises: Exercise
17.CaseyJones is oneof thefew American folk heroswhowas realand notABC
simply created by a songwriter or storyteller. No errorD E
18. There § absolutely no "man-eating" plants in the world, although some
ABCplants do trap insects.No error
D E19.Locusts. whichcomeout of thegroundonceeveryseventeen years, is aABC D
serious problem in some areas of the Midwest. No errorE
20.The American colonists declared there independance from GreatBritain
A Bonly after they had tried every other means to gain justice.No error
C D E21. Giant hailstones weighing more than a pound each begun to killcattle
A Bas they failed on the Russian village of Kostov in July 1923: twenty-three
C Dpeople were killed trying to save the animal. No error
E22.DonQuixotemounted his horsewhilehis guire, SanchaPanza, holdsthe
ABC Danimal steady.No error
E23. of one hundred crossword puzzle creators who contributed to twoNew York puzzle magazines in1970. one-fourth~in prison. No errorBCD E
24. Neither the members of the city council nor the chairperson~ABC
available for questions from the press. No error'D E
82
B. water treatmentD. in which water treatment
B. whose appearanceD. when they appear
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
copanro A
8ryyn63p yycr3x3A 3a~Ilwry~ xspsr 6oIlAor yrrnarar X3114, 3Cryxaanax X3Il4, Y~IlT H3PIo1~H 60IlOH aexuerrr yrlo1~H X3Il4, H3P rlo1wyyHeryyIl63p, Y~Il xascpan 6ylOy 6a~4 rlo1wyyH eryyIl63p rlo1wyyH,TOAOTrOIl,AaraIlAax TOAOTrOIl, MeH T3p4Il3H eryyIl63plo1~H yrlo1~H A3Cnapaa 33pr33p repenxces copanrsir 3H3 X3C3rT opyynas. COPIo1Ilro6YPIo1~r xoneornox AYP3MT3~ Ys:lIlAYYIlaH a)f(Io1IlIla)f( napaa HberyyIl63p6YPIo1~r caarap Hs:lrTIlaH, MOHrOIl X3IlHIo1~X33 eryyIl63p 6yr3x 3Y~ AaryyHa~PYYIlaH op-tyynax Hb TaHbl aHrIllo1 X3Il 60IlOH 3X X3IlHIo1~ M3AIl3rTH3H rycraa 60IlHO.
CopMnroA-1
Task: Completing structure problems involving incompleteindependent clauses.Directions: Choose one out of A,B,C,and D to complete the sentence.
1. In the United States, is generally the responsibility ofmunicipal
govemments.A. for water treatmentC. where water treatment
2. Crop rotation of preserving soil fertility.A. it is one method B. one methodC. a method is one D. is one method
3. the dollar as its monetary unit-in 1878.A. Canada adopted B. Adopted by CanadaC. It was adopted by Canada D. The Canadian adoption of
4. almost impossible to capture the beauty of the auroraborealis
in photographs.A. Being B. It isC. There is D. Is
;5. Usually political cartoons on the editorial page of anewspaper.
A. appearC by appearing
83
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
6. two major art museums, the Fogg and the Sadler.A. Harvard University has B. At Harvard UniversityC Harvard University, with its D. There at Harvard
University
7. American actress and direstor Margaret Webster for herproduction
of Shakespearan plays.A. who became famous B famous as she becameC becoming famous D became famous
8. gas tanks connected to welding equipment, one of full ofoxigen and the other full of acetylene.
A. It is two B. Of the twoC. There are two D. Two
B. Philip Glass, whoD. Because Philip Glass
--,-,,..--_ is more interested in rhymtn than in melody is appearantcompositions.
That Philip GlassPhilip Glass
9.from his
A.C.
10. Compressed air the power to drive pneumatic tools.A. by providing B. providesC. that provides D. the 'provision of
11. by cosmic rays.A. The Earth is constantly bombardedB. Bombarded constantly, the EarthC. Bombarding the Earth constantlyD. The Earth's constant bombardment
12 primary colors are red, blue,and yellow.A. There are three B. The threeC. Three of them D. That the three
B. Jane ByrneD. When Jane Byrne
13. =- who was elected the first woman mayor of Chicagoin 1979.
A. It was Jane ByrneC. That Jane Byrne
14. Every computer consists of a number of systems -'-__together.
A...by working B. workC. they work D. that work
84
B. it is difficultD. is difficult
B. the growth of the Calfornia
B. railroads, which are stillD. railroads still being
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
15. On the Moon, air because the Moon's gravitational fieldis too weak to retain an atmosphere.
A. there is no B. where noC. no D. is no
16. The Glass Mountains of northwestern Oklahoma .withflecks of gypsum, which shine in the sunlight.
A. they are covered B. covered themC. that are covered D. are covered
17. In some cases, to decide if an organism is a plant oran animal.
A. difficult ifC. the difficulty
18. The first American novelist to have a major impact on worldliterature _
A. who was James Fenimore CooperB. James Fenimore Cooper wasC. it was James Fenimore CooperD. was James Fenimore Cooper
19. important railroad tunnel in the United States was cutthrough the Hoosac Mountains in Massachusetts.
A. At first B. It was the firstC. The first D. As he first of
20. ·Generally, in the valleys and foothills of the Pacific Coastranges
A. the Calfornia poppy grownpoppy
C. the Calfornia poppy grows D. growing the Calforniapoppy21. When bats are at rest, hang upside-down.
A. they B.and C. to D.as22. that the capital of South Carolina was moved fromCharleston to
Columbia.A. in 1790 was B. There was in 1790C. in 1790 D. It was in 1790
23. Although not as important as they once were, __ a major formof transprotation in North America.
A. there are still railroadsC. railroads are still
85
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
B.ForabouttwentyofD. There are about twenty
25.
24. The loop, which is the commercial heart of Chicago, _within a rectrancular loop of electrical train tracks.
A. that is enclosed B. enclosingC. is enclosed D. it is enclosed
_....,.--,....- amino acids that serve as the basic building blocks of allproteins.A. It was about twentyC. About twenty are
CopMnro A-2
Task: Answer structure problems involving incomplete adjectiveclauseDirections: Choose one option out of A,B,C, and Dand encircle thecorrect word or phrase.
B. althoughD. that
1. Most folk songs are ballads have simple words and tellsimple stories.
A. whatC. when
2. After its introduction in 1969, the best float process theworld's principal method of manufacturing flat sheets of glass.
A. by which it became B. it becameC. became D. which became
3. In 1850, Yale university established Sheffield Scientific School,
A. engineers were educated thereB. where engineers were educatedC. in which were engineers educatedD. where were engineers educated
4. Many of Louse Nevelson's sculptures consisted of a number oflarge wooden structures in complex patterns.
A. which she arranged B. she arranged themC. which arranged D. arranged them
5. In addition to being a naturalist. Stewart E. White was a writer__ the struggle for survival on the American Frontier.
A. whose novels describe B. he-describes in his novelsC. his novels describe D. who, describing in his novels
86
B. which resembleD. they resemble
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
6. Diamonds are often found in rock formations called pipes, __the throats of extinct volcanoes.
A. in which they resembleC. there is a resemblance to
7. William Samuel Johnson, helped write the Constitution,became the first president of Columbia College in1787.
A. whom he had B. and he hadC. who had D. had
8. Seals appear clumsy on the land, are able to shortdistances faster
than most people can run.A. but they B. which theyC. they D. which
9. The instrument panel of a light airplane has at least a dozeninstruments
A. the pilot must watchB. what the pilot must watchC. which the pilot must watch themD. such that the pilot must watch them
10. A keystone species is a species of plants or animals __absence has a major effect on an ecological system.
A. that its B. itsC. whose D. with its
11. The size and shape of a nail depends primarily on the functionin-
----:t:-ended.A. which it is B. for which it isC. which it is for D. for which is
12. In geometry, a tangent is a straight line a curve at onlyone point.
A. it touches B. whose touchingC. its touching D. that touches
13. It was the ragtime pianist Scott Joplin the Maple LeafRag, perhaps the best known of all ragtime tunes.
A. wrote B. the writer ofC. who wrote D. writing
87
-B. actD.. acted
B. the dates of the housesD. houses dating
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
14. There are 2,000 varieties of snakes,__are harmless tohumans.
A. mostly they B. most of themC. most of which D. which most
15. Smokejumpers are __ descend into remote areas byparachute to fight forest fires.
A. firefighters B. when firefightersC. who, as firefighters D. firefighters who
16. Charlotte Gilman's best known book she urges womento become financially independent.
A. is Women and Economics, in whichB. Women and Economics, in whichC. is Women and Economics, whichD. Women and Economics, which
CopMnroA·3
Task: Structure problems connected with incomplete or missingparticipial phrases.
Directions: Choose the one option out of the A,B,C, and D tocomplete the sentence correctly.
1. Aerodynamics is the study of the forces on an object asit moves through the atmosphere.
A. actingC. are acting
2. for their strong fiber include flax and hemps.A. Plants are grown B. Plants grownC. Plants that grow D. To grow plants
3. ,Jose Limon's dance troupe often toured abroad.A. The U.S. State Department sponsored itB. Sponsored by the U.S.State DepartmentC. The U.S. State Department, which sponsored itD. The sponsorship of the U.S. State Department
4. Elfreth's Alley in Philadelphia is the oldest residential street in theUnited States, with from 1728.
A. houses are datedC. the dating of houses
88
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
5. In,1821, the city of Indianapolis, Indiana, was laid out in a design
after that of Washington,D.C.A. patternedC. a pattern
B. was patternedD. that patterned
B. a filter is placedD. When a filter placed
B. who knowsD. is known
6. in front of a camera lens changes the color of thelight that reaches the film.
A. Placed a filterC. A filter placed
7. The Masschusetts State House, in 1798, was the mostdistinguished building in the United States at that time.A. completing B. which was completedC. was completed D. to be completed
8. Barbara McClintock for her discovery of the mobility ofgeneric elements.
A. knownC. knowing
9. The solitary scientist by himself has in many intancesbeen replaced by a cooperative scientific team.
A. to make important discoveriesB. important discoveries were madeC. has made important discoveriesD. making important discoveries
10. Geometry is the branch of mathemaics the propertiesof lines,
curves, shapes, and surfaces.A. that concerned with B. it is concerned withC. concerned with D. its concerns are
11. an average of 471 inches of rain a year, MountWaiaeale in Hawai is the wettest spot in the world.
A. It receives B. ReceivingC. To receive D. Received
12. Amber is a hard, yellowish-brown from the resin of pinetrees that lived millions of years ago.
A. substance formed B. to form a substanceC.. substance has formed D. forming a substance
89
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
CopMnroA-4
Task: Structure problems with appositives.Directions: Choose one option that correctly complete the sentence.Mark the most appropriate one out of A,B,C, and D.
1. The Democratic party is older than the other major Americanpolitical party
A. which the Republican partyB. the Republican partyC. it is the Republican partyD. the Republican party is
2. relations with friends and acquaintances, playa majorrole in the social development of adolecents
A. What are called peer group relations areB. Peer group relations areC. Peer group relations, theD. By peer group relations, we mean
3. Joseph Henry, director of the Smithsonian Institution,was President Lincoln's adviser on scientific matters.
A. the first B. to be the firstC. was the first D. as the first
4. The Wasstch Range, extends from southeastem Idahointo northem Utah.
A. which is a part of the Rocky Mountains,B. a part of the Rocky Mountains thatC. is a part of the Rocky MountainsD. a part of the Rocky Mountains, it
5. Ruth St.Dennis turned to Asian dances to find inspirationfor her choreography.
A. It was the dancer B. The dancerC. That the dancer D. The dancer was
6. The organs of taste are the __ that are mainly located on thetongue.
A. groups of cells,are taste budsB. taste buds. are groups of cellsC. taste buds, these are groups of cells
90
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
D. taste buds, groups of cells
7. In 1878, Frederick W.TayJor invented a concept called scientificmanagement, of obtaining as much efficiency from
workers and machines as possible.A. it is a method B. a method whichC. a method D. called a method
8. A group of Shakers,__settled around Pleasant Hill, Kentucky,in1805.
A. members of a strict religioussect whichB. whose members of a strict religious sectC. members of a strict religioussect,D. were members of a strict religious sect
9. In physics, "plasma" refers to a gas that has a nearlyequal number of positively and negatively charged particles.
A. the term B. by the termC. is termed D. terming
10. NormanWeiner, mathematicianand logician, had animportant role in the developmentof the computer.
A. who, as a B. was aC. whom a D. a
11. Jeroma Kern's most famous work is Showboat, mostendUring
musical comedies.A. it is one of the finest, B. one of the finest,C. the finest one D. as the finest of the
12. a marshland that covers over 750 square miles in NorthCarolina and Virginia.A. In the Great Dismal Swamp B. The Great Dismal Swamp, whichC. The Great Dismal Swamp, D. The Great Dismal Swamp is
copanro- A-5
Task: Completingstructure problems involving adverb clauses,reduced adverb clauses, and prepositionalexpesssions.Directions: Choose the one option out of A,B,C, and D incircling themost appropriate one
91
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
1. Small sailboats can easily capsize they are not handledcarefully.
A. but B. which C. if D. so
2. they are tropical birds, parrots can live in temperate oreven cold climates.
A. Despite B. Even though C. Nevertheless D. But
3. added to a liquid, antifreeze flowers the freezingtemperature of that liquid.
A. That B. As is C. It is D. When
4. advertising is so widespread in the United States, it hashad an enormous effect on American life.
A. Why B. The reason C. On account ofD. Since
5. toward shore, its shape is changed by its collision withthe shallow sea bottom.
A. During a wave rolls B. As a waveC. A wave rolls D. A wave's rolling
B. Despite peopleD. The fact that people
____ are increasingly linked over long distances by electroniccommunications, but many of them still prefer face-to-face
encounters.A. Although peopleC. Today people
6.
7. together in one place, they form a community.A. When people who live B. When people livingC. Whenever people live D. Whenever living
people
8. managed by an independent govemor and board ofdirectors, the Bank of Canada is owned by the Canadiangovernment.
A. And yet B. In spite of it C. Although D. It is
9. pieces of rope are of different thickness, the weaver'sknot can be used to join them
A. Two of B. Whattwo C. Two such D. If two
10. , the seeds of the Kentucky coffee plant.are poisonous.A. Until they have been cooked B. Cooking them
92
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
C. They have been cooked D. Cooked until
B. When a patentD. A patent, whenever it
11. Natural silk is still highly prized similiar artificial fabrics.A. although is available B. despite there are availableC. in spite of the availability of D. even though an availability of
12. Cattle ranches are found almost in Utah.A. whenever B. everywhere C. overall D. somewhere
13. through a prism, a beam of white light breaks into allthe colors of the rainbow.
A. When shines B. It shinesC. It is shone D. When shone
14. most people think of freezing as a relatively modernmethod of food preservation, it is actually one of the oldest.A. Even B. As though C. However D. Although
15. large bodies of water never freeze solid is that the sheetof ice on the surface protects the water below it from the cold air.A. Because B. Why do C. The reason that D. For the reason
16. ---,-__ granted by the Patent Office, it becomes the inventor'sproperty and he or she can keep it, sell it, or licence it to someoneelse.
A. Once a patent isC. A patent, once
17. Owls can hunt in total darkness their remarkably keensense of smell.
A. since B. because of C. the result D. that
18. most bamboo blooms every year, there are somespecies that flower only two or three times a century.
A. Whenever B. That C. While D. However
copunro A·6
Task; Completing structure problems involving in complete nounclauses.Directions: Choose the one option out of A,B,C, and D to complete thesentences with the most appropriate words and clauses..
1. begin their existence as ice crystals over nost of theearth seems likely.
93
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
A. RaindropsC. What if raindrops
B. If raindropsD. That raindrops
B. how fleas areD. fleas that are
2. Scientists cannot agree on related to other orders ofinsects.
A. that fleas areC. how are fleas
3. It was 1875 joined the staff of the astronomicalobserbatory at Harvard University.
A. that Anna Winlock B. Anna Winlock, whoC. as Anna Winlock D. Anna Winlock then
4. is a narrow stop od woods along a stream in an open.grassland.A, Ecologists use the term "gallery forest"B. What do ecologists call a "gallery forest"C. "Gallary forest" is the term ecologists useD. What ecologists call a "gallary forest"
5. developed so rapidly in Alahama primarily because of itsrich natuarl resources.
A. That heavy industry B. Heavy industryC. Heavy industry that was D. When heavy industry
6. __...,.,- so incredible is that these insects successfully migrate toplaces that they have never even seen.
A. That makes the monarch butterflies' migrationB. The migration of the monarch butterflies isC. What makes the monarch butterflies' migrationD. The migration of the monarch butterflies, which is
7. Art critics do not all agree on what a painting great.A. qualities make B. are the qualities for makingC. qualities to make D. do the qualities that make
8. In order to grow vegetables properly, gardeners must know
A. what the requirements TOr each vegetable areB. that the requirements for each vegetableC. what are each vegetable's requirementsD. that is required by each vegetable
9. When is not known.A. was the wheel invented
94
B. the invention of the wheel
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
C. inventing the wheel D. the wheel was invented
B. anyone did even attemptD. did even attempt anyone
10. For many years people have wondered existselsewhere in the universe.
A. that life B. life whichC, whether life D. life as it
11. of all modern domestic poultry is the red jungle fowl iswidely believed.
A. The ancestor B. The ancestor isC. How the ancestor D. That the ancestor
12. the right side of a person's brain is dominant, thatperson is left- handed.
A. That B. IfC. Which D. For
copanro A·7
Task; Completing structure problems involving word order.Directions: Choose the one option-A,B,C, or D-that correctlycompletes the sentence, then mark the appropriate blank.
1. Hills known as land islands, or salt domes, are Louisiana'smarshlands.A. extremely interesting features ofB. of extremely interesting featuresC. interesting extremely features ofD. extremely interesting of features
2. of chamber music is the string quartet.A. The famous most from B. The most famous formC. The form most famous D. Most the form famous
3. Not until the seventeenth century to measure thespeed of light.
A. did anyone even attemptC. did anyone attempt even
4. Alfalfa is for livestock.A. a primarily grown cropC. a crop grown primarily
B. grown primarily a cropD. a grown crop primarily
95
B. much more efficiently thanD. more efficiently much than
B. were primaary schools freeD. were free primary schools
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
5. The Franklin stove, which became common in the 1790's, burnedwood __ an open fireeplace.
A. efficiently more than muchC. much more than efficiently
6. Reinforced concrete is concrete that is strengthened by metalbars.--:-__
A. in it that are embedded B. embedded that are in itC. are that it embedded in D. that are embedded in it
7. The type of clothing people wear tells others a lot about _A. who they are B. are they whoC. they are who D. who are they
8 Most southern states had set up primary school systems by thelate eighteenth century, but only in New England and opento all students.
A. primary schools were freeC. free were primary schools
9. Fungi, , do not produce chlorophyll.A. as such mushrooms B. mushrooms as suchC. such as mushrooms D. mushrooms such as
10. Seldom --:---::-_ more than 20 minutes a night.A. sleep giraffes B. do giraffes sleepC. giraffes do sleep D. giraffes sleep
11. of the early years of space exploration was thediscovery of the Van Allen radiation belt in 1958.
A. Perhaps the greatest triumphB. The triumph perhaps greatestC. The greatest perhaps triumphD.The triumph greatest perhaps12. Today major new products without conducting elaboratemarket research.
A. corporations hardly introduce everB. hardly ever corporations introduceC. hardly ever introduce corporationsD. corporations hardly ever introduce
13. Across the Chesapeake Bay from the rest of the state _whose farms produce beans, tomatoes, and garden vegetables.
A. there lies Maryland's Eastern Shore
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Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
B. lies Maryland's Eastern ShoreC. Maryland's Eastern Shore lies thereD. Maryland's Eastern Shore lies
14. Acidophilus bacteria are~__ in an acid medium.A. those that grow best B. those grow best thatC, that those grow best D. grow best those that
15, of great apes; the gibbon is the smallest.A. Four of the types B, The four of typesC, Four types of the D, Of the four types
16, It is difficult through swamps because of tangled rootsand shallow waterways.
A. to navigate even for small boatsB. for even small boats to navigateC. Even small boats for to navigateD. even to navigate for small boats
17. A lodestone is -,,- _A. an occurring naturally magnet B. a magnet naturally occurringC. naturally a magnet occurring D. a naturally occurring magnet
18, So complicated that consumers who use a product areseldom aware of where all its components come from.
A. today trade is international B. today international trade isC. is international trade today D, international trade is today
19. The snow bunting is winter birds in Canada.A. one most of the common B. the most common one ofC. one of the most common D, the one of most common
20, Nashville has the capital of country music,A. as long been known B, been known long asC. long been known as D. long as been known
copanro A- 8
Task: Completing structure problems involving infinitive and gerundphrases,Directions: Choose the one option out of the A,B,C, and D to
complete the sentences with the most appropriate ones,
97
B. providesD. that provides
B. passes byD. passed
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
1. for a career in dance generally begins at an early age.A. People train 2. That people trainC. If training 4. Training
2. A baby's first teeth are generally the lower incisors.A. appearance B.appearC. to appear D. in appearing
3. A climbing helmet protection for a rocket-climbers headfrom falling rocks and other hazards.
A. to provideC. providing
4. Power tools require careful handling injuries.A. by avoiding B. they avoidC. to avoid D. that avoid
5. An electromagnet is created electrical current througha coil of wire
A. by passingC. to be passed
6. at home requires only three types of chemicals, severalpieces of simple equipment, and running water.
A. For the development of film.C. When film is developed
B. To develop filmD. In developing film
B. the costs determinedD. to determine the costs
B. While crossing riversD. By crossing rivers
7. The purpose of cost accounting is involved in producingand selling a good or service
A. as a determination of its costsC. that determines the costs
8. was one of the most difficult tasks pioneers faced ontheir joumeys west.
A. Crossing riversC. Rivers being crossed
9. Energy can be defined as the ability :--:----:__A. do working B. to do workC. doing work D. work to be done
10. The process of _-__ by hand has changed little since thefifteenth century.
A. to bind books B.bindingbooks
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Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
C. books are bound D. bound books11. A crescent wrench has adjustable jaws for a nut, bolt, orpipe.
A. to grip B. they grip C. gripping D. gripped12. Compressed air is air brakes, pneumatic tools, and other
machinery.
A. used to powering B. to use poweringC. used to power D. in use by powering
13. Some people believe that the crystals of certain minerals _curative powers.
A. have B. having C. that have D. to have14. The narrow blades of speed skates allow__ speeds of up to30 miles per hour.
A. for skaters maintainingB. skaters to maintainC. skaters maintainD. maintenance by skaters
15. The first library__ in the Nebraska Territory was built in FortAtkinson in 1870.
A. to be established B. was establishedC. could establish D. to establish
copanro A-9
Task: Completing structure problems involving paralleism.Directions: Choose the one option out of the A,B,C, and D to
complete the sentence with the most appropriate one.
1. Insects provide many beneficial services, such as _breaking down deadwood, and pollinating plants.
A. they condition soils B. to condition soilC. conditioning the soil D. soil conditioned
2. Frozen orange juice must be packed, and stored whenthe fruit is ripe.
A. be frozen B. must be frozenC. frozen D. it must be frozen
3. The Sioux language is spoken not only Sioux but also bythe Crow and Osage tribes.
A. by the B. theC. do the D. and the
99
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
B. ease of handlingD. easy to handle
A. handled easilyC. handling easily
4. In 1900 electrically powered cars were more popular thangaseline· powered cars because they were quiet, opreated smoothly,and ~--,-_
5. Roger Williams was a clergyman, the colony of RhodeIsland, and an outspoken advocate of religious and politicalfreedom.
A. founded B. the founder ofC. was the founder of D. he founded
B. brushes can be usedD. by brush
6. Paint can be applied to a surface with rollers,__ , or sprayguns.
A. brushesC. with brushes
7, The use of labor-saving devices in homes, , and infactories added to the amount of leisure time people had.
A. at office B. used in officesC. offices D. in offices
8. A dulcimer can be played by either striking its strings with ahammer or.,..-,.--,.,.._'
A. to pluck them with the fingersB. fingers are used to pluck themC. they are plucked with the fingersD. plucking them with the fingers
9. Throughout history, trade routes have increased contact betweenpeople, , and greatly affected the growth of civilzation.
A. have resulted in an exchange of ideasB. an exchange of ideas has resultedC. resulted in an exchange of ideasD. resulting in an exchange of ideas
B. using photographyD. use of photographs
10. Walt Disney made many technical advances in the use of sound,color, and in animated films.
A. photographingC. photography
11. Artist Paul Kane traveled throughout Northwest Canada on foot,by canoe, and to sketch Native Canadians going abouttheir ordinary lives.
A. on horseback B. riding a horse
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Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
B. was on horseback D. by a horse
12. Barbara Jordan was the first woman in the South to win anelection to the House of Representatives, asCongresswoman from Texas from 1973 to 1979.
A to serve B. servedC. serving D. has served
13. Photographers' choice of a camera depends on what kind ofpictures they
want to take, how much control they want over exposure, and
they want to spend.A the amount of moneyC. how much money
B. what moneyD. so much money that
14. Atlanta is the commercial, financial, and of Georgia.A center of administration B. administrative centerC. center for administering D. administrating center
15. Even after the Revolutionary War, American importers obtainedmerchandise from Britain because British merchants understoodAmerican tastes, offered attractive prices, and -:-__A easy credit was provided B. because of easy creditC. easy credit D. provided easy credit
CopMnro A ·10
Task: Completing structure problems involving prepositional phrases.Directions: Choose the one option out of of A,B,C, and D, correctlycompleting the sentence.
1. seed of a flowering plant is covered by a dense. protective coat.
AGn each B. Each C. Each of D. That each
2. Dynamite is ordinarily detoned called a blasting cap.A a device is used B. that a deviceC. with a device D. the use of a device
101
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
3. 1900 there were some 300 bicycle factories in theUnited States
and they produced over a million bicycles.A. In B. Because in C. It was in D. That in
4. A thick layer of fat called blubber keeps whales warm even _coldest water.
A. although the B. in the C. the D. of the
5. the United States, the general movementof air massesis from west to east.
A. Across B. To cross C. They cross D.lt's across6. The bark of a tree thickness _
A. with age B. it gets older C. as older D. by age
7. A substance that is harmless to a person who has no allergies cancause mild to serious reactions in a person allergies.
A. has B. which having C. can have D. with
8. In 1868 a number of national unions formed the AmericanFederation of Labor ..,.-
A. Samuel Gompers was its leaderB. under the leadership of Samuel GompersC. which, under Samuel Gompers' leadershipD. Samuel Gompers led it
9. Harmonicas. autoharps, and kazoos folk intruments.A. are examples B. for exampleC, are examples of D. as examples of
10. charming shops and restaurants, Old Town is the mostpicturesque section of Albuquerque.A. With its B. Its C. Because its D. For its
11. such as banking and travel, in which computers are nota convenience but a necessity.
A. Where some industries, B. In some industriesC. Some industries D.There are some industries,
12. One of the oldest large suspension bridges still today isthe
George Washington Bridge between New York City and FortLee, New Jersey
A. uses B. is used C. the use of D in use
cepanro A -11
Task: Completing structure problems involving misplaced modifiers.
102
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
Directions: Choose the one option out of A,B,C, and D and completethe sentence correctly.
1. Fearing economic hardship, _-:-----:---:-:~:--':-:-:'"-;--A. many New Englanders emigrated to the Midwest in the 1820sB. emigration from New England to the Midwest took place in
the 1820sC. it was in the 1820s that many New Englanders emigrated to
the MidwestD. an emigration took place in the 1820s from New England to
the Midwest.2. Rich and distinctive in flavor:::-: _
A. there is in the United States a very important nut crop, thepecan
B. the most important nut crop in the Unites States, the pecanC. farmers in the United States raise pecans, a very important
nut cropD. pecans are the most important nut crop in the United States
3. Orbiting from 2.7 to 5.6 billion miles from the sun ",=",_....,...-....,.
A. the astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto in 1930B. Pluto was discovered by the astronomer Clyde Tombaugh in
1930C. it was in1930 that the astronomer Clyde Tombaugh
discovered PlutoD. the discovery of Pluto was made by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930
4. A popular instrument --:-_.,....-_A. only a limited role has been available to the accordion in
classical music
B. there is only a limited role for the accordion in popular musicC. classical music provides only a limited role for the accordionD. the accordion has played only a limited role in classical music
5. Unlike most birds,A. the heads an-d-:--nec--:-k-s of vultures lack feathersB. feathers are not found on the heads and necks of vulturesC. vultures do not have feathers on their heads and necksD. there are no feathers on vultures' heads and necks
6. Widely reproduced in magazines and books, ..,...-_----:--:-:_'A. Ansel Adams depicted the Western wilderness in his
photographsB. the Western wilderness was depicted in the photographs of
Ansel AdamsC. Ansel Adams' photographs depicted the Western wildernessD. it was through his photographs that Ansel Adams depicted
the WesterQ. wilderness
103
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
7. Smaller and flatter than an orange, .-:-:-_---._A. a tangerine is easy to peel and its sections separate readilyB. the peel of a tangerine is easily removed and its sections are
raedily separatedC. it's easy to peel a tangerine and to separate its sectionsD. to peel a tangerine is easy, and its sections can be readily
separated8. Like the federal government,~--:----:~
A. taxation provides most of the funds for state and localgovernments as well
B. state and local governments obtain most of thier fundsthrough taxation
C. through taxation is how state and local governments obtainmost of their funds
D. funds are provided from taxation for state and localgovernments9. Originally settled by Polyesians around 700 AD, _
A. Hawaii received its first European visitor in 1778, whenCaptain James Cook landed there
B. Hawaii's first European visitor, Captain James Cook, landedthere in 1778
C. in 1778 the first European, Capatain James Cook, visitedHawaii
D. the first European to visit Hawaii was Captain James Cook,landing there in 177810. Unlike most modernist poets, based on ordinary speech.
A. Robert Frost's poems wereB. the works of Robert Frost wereC. Robert Frost wrote poems that wereD. the poetry written by Robert Frost was
11. Named for its founder, in Ithaca, New York.A. in 1.865 Ezra Cornell established Cornell UniversityB. Cornell University was established in 1865 by Ezra CornellC. it was 1865 that Cornell University was established by Ezra
CornellD. Ezra Cornell established Cornell University in 1865
12. While living in New Orleans, the Creole people ofLouisiana.
A. a book of folklore, Bayou Folk, was written by Kate Chapinabout
B. Bayou Folk, a book of folklore, was written by Kate Chapinabout
104
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
C. the subject of Kate Chapin's book Bayou Folk was thefolklore of
D. Kate Chapin wrote Bayou Folk, a book about the folklore of
copanro 6
,QapaaXb copanrur TyxaH TyxaHH 6yr31.\, AaanraBapblH Aaryy axannaxHb TaHblX3n 3yHH. TyxaHn6an. eryyn63p 3YHH TyxaH M3Afl3r oanrouur6aTaraxblH 33p3r1.\33r33p eryyn63p 6YPMHH WMH3 yr X3nn3rMHr caHHrons 6101'·lr33c caarap HRrTnaH Y33>K, copanrur ryH1.\33X X3P3rT3H.copanrur a>KMnnaCHbI napaa eryyn63p TyC 6ypMHr 6yr31.\. repen,eryyn63p ,Q3X yrMHH A3C Aapaa, eryyn63pMHH rMwYV,QMHH 6aHpnanblHXYBb,Q AaXMH ryuraaa Y33>K 3X x3nHMHx33X3B X3M>K33HMH Aaryy opayynax Hb TaHbl aHrnM x3nHMH M3Afl3rop-yynax yp Ya,QBapT TyC 60nHo.
CopMnro 6·1
Choose the correct answer for the blank. When you choose thecorrect answerpay attention to the use of the verbals.
1. One of the professor's great attributes is 'A. when he gives lecturesB. how in the manner that he lecturesC. the wat to give lecturesB. his ability to lecture
2. To get an education, _-:- _A. one must work hardB. working hard is one of the most requirementsC. requirement is needed to work hardD. working hard is needed
3. John said that he had run in order _A. that he catch the bus B. that he can catch the busC. to catch the bus D. to the bus he could catch
4. "\lVhy was the official meeting called?" "Yes new officers."
105
B. that you will helpD. that you help
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
A Select B. SelectingC. To select D. For selecting
5. "Where did he go?" " He went to another store.--,- _A to buy slacks B. for buying slacksC. buy slacks D. buying slacks
6. "I'll help you whenever you need me." "Good. I'd like __ metomorrow."
A you helpingC. you to help
7. "The photographer thought he was supposed to arrive after thequests."
" But I meant early."A for his coming B. him comingC. for him to come D. he would come
8. " My baby has an infection.."" Did the doctor find it difficult__?"A. in treating B. treatingC. for treating .. D. to treat
9. "What's made Ruth so upset?" "__ three tickets to the folkmusic concert."
A. Lost B. LosingC. Because of losing D. Since she lost
10. "What will Andrew be doing in the fall?" " mathematicsat a private boys' school."
A. To teach B. TeachingC. will be teaching D. will teach
11. The company manager may enable the men who tend themachines__
a large panorama of possibilties.A to see B. see C. Seeing D.seen
12. When they met, Leonardo and his enemy were fighting >A. killed each other B. killing each otherC. to be killed each other D. to kill each other
13. The president of a company should know -A. to be firm B. the way of firmnessC. to have firmness D. how to be firm
14. "Why were you so late for work today?" " to the officewas very slow this moming because of the traffic."
A Driving B. To driveC. I drove D. That II drove
15. time and labor, cartoonist generally draw the hands oftheir characters with only three fingers and a thumb.
A Saved B. SavesC. To save D. The saving
106
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
16. Lincoln, Nebraska, is an important manufacturing, insurance, and
A. shipping of grain B. to ship grainC. grain was shipped D. grain-shipping
17. There is no what may happen.A. know B. knowingC. to know D. known
18. "How did you spend the night?" "We had a very hard time__.,-some of the problem."
A. discussing B. to discussC. of discussing D. on discussing
19. With her do this, she will have no difficulty persuadingthem to accept her plan.
A. I help B. my helpingC. me helping D. mine helping
20. "What are you going to do tomorrow?" "We are going __tomorrow."
A. to climb B. climbingC. climbed D. climb
21. She must be looking forward as much to his return as he himselfis to her.
A. see B. have beenC. seeing D. having seen
22. She __ help thinking that she had seen him somewherebefore.
A. can not B. could notC. must not D. might not
23. He has lots of books, that he is still young.A. considering B. consideredC. being considered D. our considering
24. "What would you like for you birthday?" "I'd like the __ worksof Maugham."
A. collected B. collectionB. collecting D. collect
25. The peart is the only gem by a living creature.A. creating B. to createC. is created D. created
26. to steel, chrominum increases the metal's hardness.A. Added B. In additionB. Adding D. Adds
27. Commercial banks make most of their income from interest__.,-on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.
A. earn B. earnedC. to earn D. was earned
107
B. GiveD. Bygiving
B. for gettingD. to getting
"Yes, Let's hurry__ a seat near the
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
28. "What did they think about the plan?" "Everyone was so happyand about it."
A. excite B. excitingC. excited D: excites
29. "How do you like coffee?" "llike coffee _A. that is sweetened B. sweetenedC. being sweetened D. to be sweetened
30. "How did you learn to drive?" " __ strict obedience to mytutor."
A. GivingC. to give
31. After taking his examination, _A. the book was read by himB. the book made him happy to read it.C. he wanted to read the bookD. the reading of the book gave him some pleasure
32. Anesthetics are used insensitivity to pain during surgicaloperations.A. the cause B. to cause 'C. cause of D. causing J
33. Ganga went to the nicest store in the city__ presents for herchildren.
A. for to getC. to get
34. "Are you ready now?"front."
A. so to get B. for gettingC. get D. toget
35. At last we found the exhausted animal lying there, _A. sick B. to be sickC. in sick D. to be sickening
Written Expression
Directions: The four underlined parts of the sentence are markedA,B,C and D.Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed inorder for the sentence to be correct.
36. Twenty to thirty year after a mature forest is cleaned away, a nearlyABC
impenetrate thicket of trees and shrubs develops.D
37. The first natural in world, Bogdo Uul Reserve Park, was established in
108
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
A B C D1772.38. Becauseit doeshavea blood~, thecomeatakestheiroxygen direcUyABC D
from the air.39. Magnificent mountains and coastal scenery 12 British Columbia's chief
ABC Dtourist attrations.
40. Scientists at universities are often more involved in theoritical researchABC
than in practically research.D
41. Nylon, a synthetic done from a combination of water, air and a by-productof coal, was first introduced in 1938.
42.0mithology, the study of birds, is one of the major scientific fields in whichA B
amateur~ a role in accumulating, researching, and publish data.C D
43. Animation is a technigue for creativity the illusion of life in inanimatethings.
ABC D44. On December 7, 1787, Delaware became a first state to ratify theABC DConstitution.
45. Nutritionists believe what diet affects how one feels physically andABC D
emotionally.46. Stars in our universe vary in temperature, color, bright, size and mass.ABC D
47. Ice is less denser than the liquid from which 11 is formed.ABC D
48. The 1983 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Barbara McClintockfor
Aher experiments with maize and her discoveries regardless the nature ofBCDDNA.
49. ill 1866 to 1883, the bison population in North American was reducedA Bfrom an estimated 13 million to a few hundred.
C D50. Most of the damage property attributed ill the San Francisco earthquake
A BQf 1906 resulted from the fire that followed.C D
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Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
copanro 6-2
The test is related with a complex sentence or clauses: a main clauseand a subordinate clause. So, before doing the test you may reviewthe clauses.Choose the correct one out of A,B,C, and 0 to complete the sentencescorrectly.
1. some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.--p:.-Which only brown thrashers B. Since
C. Although D. How2. all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption of
social scientists.A. Nearly B. That nearlyC. It is nearly D. When nearly
3. George __ he could improve his test scores, but he did nothave enough time to study.
A. knew to B. knew howC. knew how that D. knew how to
4. The people at the party were worried about Janet Because no onewas aware she had gone.
A. where that B. of whereC. of the place where D. the place
5. progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted byeconomists.
A. Technological B. That technologicalC. Although technological D. Ther is technological
6. "Do you remember where __ my watch?"A. had I put B. had put IC. I had put D. put I
7. I wonder how many years ago__.A. did your father retire B. your father retiredC. has your father retired D. your father has retired
8. "Suie has't written us for such a long time."A. that she happen B. happenedC. to happen D. having happened
9. There are very few areas in the world be grownsuccessfully.
A. where apricots can B. apricots canC. apricots that can D. where can apricots
10. Caves and hollow trees are not the only places ......,.,._-,-_A. where do bats live B. bats live whereC. where bats live D. live where bats
110
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
B. nations they gainD. that nations gain
" __ you offer good security."B. UnlessD. But for
D. When a
B. It isD. There is
11. "May I have the loan?"A. ButC. Provided
12. ---:----=::--" heat is produced.A. The mixing together of certain chemicalsB. Whenever certian chemicals are mixed togetherC. Certain chemicals mixed togetherD. That certain chemicals are mixed together
13. However much , it will be worth it.A. does the watch cost B. costs the watchC. the watch will cost D. the watch costs
14. Gorillas are quiet animals, they are able'to make abouttwenty different sounds.
A. how B. in spite ofC. because of D. even though
15. that the formation of the sun, the planets, and other starsbegan with condensation of an interstellar gas cloud.
A. Believing B. To believeC. The belief D. It is believed
16. sandstone is broken apart, it is usually the cementingmaterial that fractures.
A. a B. in a C. It is a17. __ is indispensible to plant and animal life.
A. Nitrogen B. It is nitrogenC. That nitrogen D. Although nitrogen
18. As soon as the gate opened, -:--_A. we found that the two men emergedB. the two men had emergedC. here the two men emergedD. the two men emerged
19. The first doll say "mama" was invented in 1830.A. that it could B. could itC. it could D. that could
20. relatively costly, the diesel engine is highly efficient andneeds servicing infrequently.
A. EvenC. Even though
21. We might still catch the train if we -:---:-----:-_A. make hurry B. hasteC. make haste D. hastily
22. Almost all economists agree by trading with oneanother.
A. nations that are gainedC. gaining nations
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Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
26.
32.
23. dog was the first animals to be domesticated isgenerally agreed
upon by authorities in the field.A. Until the B. It was theC. The D. That the
24. kinds of dinosaurs were dying out all through the Age ofReptiles is true.
A. Some B. When someC. Some were D. That some
25. On the side of the hill, there is a which was once thepark.
A.C.
deep hole in the ground B. hole deep in grounddeep hole in the ground D. deep in the ground hole
within the algae began very early is evident.A. Evolution that was B. That evolutionC. There was evolution D. It is estimated that
27. All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed fromplants wild.
A. once they grow B. they grow onceC. that once grow D. once grow
28. Seeds usually germinate the temperature is favorable.A. If B. whereas C. as a result D. in consequences
29. The knee is the joint the thigh bone meets the large boneof the lower leg.
A. when B. where C. why D. which30. The costs of distribution and sales make up a large part of theprices that _-:-:--:--
A. are paid for all products B. all products are paid forC. for which all products are paid D. for all products paid
31. Neon is said to be inert __ does not react easily with othersubstances.
A. because of it B. because itC. it is because . D. is because it___"glasses can correct most sight defects in healthy eyes.A. When well fitted B. Well fitted whenC. Well fitted if D. If well fitted when
33. he has created striking stage sittings for the MarthaGraham dance company, artist Isamu Noguchi is more famous for hissculpture.
A. But not B. NeverthelessC. In spite of D. Although
34. A logarithm is~__ in algebra as an exponent.A. known what B. known what it isC. what is known D., what it is known
112
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
35. Although many colonial scholars consider Joanthan Edwardsimportant writer, any more.
A. though few people read his worksB. but few people read his worksC. and his works are not widely readD. his works are not widely read
36. The averagetemperature on Mars,the foothplanetfromthe sun,is aboutABC
eighty degrees than colder on Earth.D
37. One of the longestwars in historywere the HundredYearsWar, foughtABC
between England and France in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.D
38.Any material that l§.attractive by a magnet is by definition magnetic"ABC D
39.What are common known as "Iead"pencils are not lead. but rather aABC
mixture of graphite, clay and wax.D
40. In the last two decades, Bombay and Madras are developed intocenters of
AB C
the Indian film Industrv.D
41. The abilities to work hard, follow directions, and thinkingindepedently are
CA B
some of the criteria for success in the work place.D
42. The average cat sleeps sixteen hours for a day, in short intervalscalled"
cat naps"D
43. The elephant relies more on its sense of smell than for any othersense.
ABC D44. Some insects hear ultrasonic sounds more than two octaves thanhigher
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Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
DA B C
humans can.45. To stay warm in cold weather, cold-blooded animals must exposeitself to g
AB
source of warmth such as direct sunlight.C D
46. In the wild, tea plants become trees of approximately thirty feethigh.ABC D
47. Accounting is described as art of classifying, recording, andreporting
Asignificant financial events.
C D
B
48. The development of the watch depended upon the invent of themainspring.
ABC D49. Physical fitness activities can lead to an alarming variety ofinjuries if
A Bparticipants push themselves greatly hard.
C D50. The structure but behavior of many protozoans are amazinglycomplex for
Asingle-celled animals.
Dcopanro 6-3
B C
This test is related with some Confusing Verbs. When you do the testpay attention to the Confusing Verbs. Choose the correct one out ofA,B,C, and B.
1. Before discussing the steps in detail, -,--,-__A. a general principle should be laid downB. I should like to lie down a general principleC. I'd like to lay down a general principleD. a general principle lies
2. The typewriter _---,,,--..,........,A. Was laying on the table, where it had laid all week
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Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
B. was lying on the table, where it had laid all weekC. was lying on the table, where it had been laid all weekD. was lying on tha table where it had been laid allweek
3. "What dis Joe do?" "He asleep all morning.A. lain B. laidC. lay D. lying
4. Up till then, these problems had been for centuries.A. laying dormant B. laying dormantlyC. lying dormant D. lain dormantly
5. During the period of inflation, the value of money drops as
A. prices rise B. prices ariseC. the price is rising D. prices are raised
6. "Prices keep going up". " Yes, but the interest on my savingsaccount is certainly not "
A. risen B. raiseC. on the rise D. on the raise
7. "When did the lecture begin?" "When all the students _the professor began his lecture.
A. seated B. sitB. were seated D. seat
8. My uncle says that:__-:c--_
A. my aunt sat her suitcase in cornerB. he rises at five o'clock every morningC. the river had raised two feet during the nightD. from where he was lying, he could see a small black box
setting on the table.9. It is said that _
A. for six months the factory machinery has laid idleB. I finished laying the bricks, but they did not lay evenlyC. my mother immediately set the kettle on the stoveD. we must have setr three hours waiting for him
10. Most of the begining students cannot understand what ProfessorMajid
A. talks B. says aboutC. says D. discusses about
11. "My watch five o'clock." "It's very late. I must go".A. says B. tellsC. speaks D. talks
12. "What do you need?" "Could you me ten dollar?'A. borrow B. borrowingC. lend D. lending
13. "What do you need?" "My pen is out of in!c, may I ?A. use yourrs pen B. lend yours
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Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
C. borrow yours D. will borrow14. When you go to the library tomorrow, __-.,.-_
A. please go to check the reference room if Mary were thereB. please take this book to MaryC. please bring the note to the librarianD. please bring this book to the librarian in the reference room
15. "Oh, glad to see you, John." "What you to this big city?Be here long?
A. carries B. bringsC. takes D. makes
16. "Why do you like that place?" "I __in that city."
A. bomeC. bear
B. had bomedD. was born -
17. "He has been working very hard recently." "Because the burdenof a big family has been on his shoulder."
A. bear B. borneC. born D. bore
18. "What does the judqe want me to do?" "He wants you to, _A. sayan oath B. tell on oathC. do an oath D. take an oath
19. The visiting delegates were urged to ,_:-:---:-:----:-A. talk at library B. state their open mindsC. make individual expressions D. speak freely
20. He me all about his trip.A. said B. talkedC. talks D. tells
21. 'What haopenedtothe leaderof the mob?"" Hewas_at down."A. hang B. hungC. hanged D. hanging
22. The teacher has the story many times.A. told B. statedC. said D. talked
23. While searching for the wreckage of s unidentified aircraft, theCoast
ABCGuard encountered severe squalls at sea.
o24. Although a number of police officers was guarding the pricelestreasures in A.13
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Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
the museum, the director worried that someone would try tosteal them.
C D25. Since it was so difficult for American Indians to negotiate a peacetreaty or
A Bdeclare war in their native language, they used a universal
understoodC D
form of sign language.26. While verbalisation is the most common form of language inexistance,
AB
humans make use of many others systems and techniques toexpress
CD
their thoughts and feelings.27. The need for a well-rounded education was an idea expousedby the
ABCGreeks in time of Socrates.
D28. Writers and media personnel sell theirsetves best by theimpression given
ABCin their verbal expression.
D29. In the spirit of the naturalist writers, that author's work portraysman'sABC
struggle for surviving.D
30. Stephen Crane's stOry is .§ clinical portral of man as an animaltrapped by
ABCthe fear and hunger.
D31. Their silly, whiny convesation on a child level was meant to createtension
Aand heighten Nancy's fears and anxiety.
C 0
B
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Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
32. For a long time, this officials have been known throughout thecountry as
CA B
politcal bosses and law enforcers.D
33. The development of the watch depended upon the invent of theABC D
mainspring.34. The ordeal of the Cherokee Indians, who were forcible movedfrom their
A Bhomeland in the 1830's, is remembered as the "Trail of Tears."
C D35. Physical fitness activities can lead to an alarming variety ofinjuries if
A Bparticipants push themselves greatly hard.
C D36. The structure but behavior of many protozoans are amazinglycomplex
A Bfor single-celled animals.
D37. Alaska's rough climate and terrian divide the state intoregions, A
making highway maintainance difficulty.C D
C
isolatedB
38. For hundreds of years, sailors relied on echoes to warn them ofanother
CA B
ships, icebergs, or cliffs in fQggyweather.D
39. Although he is employed in the scientific and technical fields, themetric
A Bsystem is not generally utilized in the United States.
C D40. Nora hardly never misses an opportunity to.l2ill.v in the tennistournaments.
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A B C D
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
41. Air pollution, together with littering, are causing many problems inoor ABCD
large, industrial cities today.42. Because of the severe snow storm and the road blocks, the airforce
A Bdropped food and medical supplies close the city.
e D43. Hummingbirds are the only birds capable to fly backward as wellas
ABCforward, up, and down.
D44. The news of the president's treaty negotiations with the foreigngovernment
Awere recieved with mixed emotions by the citizens of both
governments.BCD
45. Angie's bilingual ablitity and previous experience were the qualitiesthat
Awhich helped her get thejob over all the other candidates.BeD
46. Joel giving up smoking has caused him to gain weight andbecome irritableABC
Dwith his acquaintances.
47. They asked me what did happen last night, but I was unable to tellthem.
A B CD48. The test administrator ordered we not to open our books until hetold us to
DA B C
do so.49. Our new neighbors had been living in Arizona since ten yearsbefore
moving to their present house.D
A B C
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Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
50. I would of attended the meeting of the planning committee lastweek, but!
A Bhad to deliver a speech at a convention.
C D
ccpanro 6-4
Structure and Written Expression
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1. The cyclist he crossed the main street.
A. looked with caution afterB. had looked acutiously beforeC. was looked cautous whenD. looks cautious when
2. Here notebook and report that I promised you last week.A. is the B.are the C. was the D. has been a
3. Neither Jane nor her brother a consent form fortomorrow's field trip.
A. need B. needs C. is needing D. has need4. Cuba is sugar-growing areas in the world.
A. one of the larger B. one of largestC. one of the largest D. largest
5. The skiers would rather through the mountains than go bybus.
A. to travel on train B. traveled by trainC. travel by train D. traveling by the train
6. That magnificent temple was constructed by the Chinese.A. eight-centuries-old B. eight-century's-oldC. old-eight-centuries D. eight-century-old
7. There were two small rooms in the beach house, servedas a
kitchen.A. the smaller of which B. the smallest of whichC. the smaller of them D. smallest of that
8. Pioneer men and women endured terrible hardships, and _A. so do their children B. neither did the childrenC. also the childs D. so did their children
9. Last year, Matt earned his brother, who has a betterposition.
A. twice as much as B. twice more thanC. twice as many as D. twice as more as
10. ,he would have been able to pass the exam.
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Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
D. as if
B. where they did putD. where to put
A. If he studied more B. if he were sdudying to a greater degreeC. Sduying more D. Had he studied more
11. Mr.Duncan does not know the lawn mower after they hadfinished using it.
A. where did they putC. where they put
12. The facilities of the older hospital ---,-;-A. is as good or better than the new hospitalB. are as good or better that the new hospitalC. are as good or better than the new hospitalD. are as good as or better than those of the new hospital
13. pandas eat bamboo almost exclusively, they are alsocarnivorous.
A. Not only B. Untill C. As soon as D. Although14. Although __a country illegally is risky, the alien who findswork may believe the risk worthwhile.
A. when entering B. he entersC. entering D.havin g entered
15. The Andean condor glides on air currents and doesn't flap itswings__ it must do so to reach updrafts.
A. becuase B. until C. that
16. __ sighting an approaching car, some drivers tend to speed up.A. When slowing down instead ofB. Instead when slowing down atC. When instead of slowing downD. Instead of slowing down when
17. to England remain strong, the Channel Islanders areexempt from most British taxes.
A. Although their ties B. Although tiedC. Before their ties D. Tied
18. __ , the travlers found that their flight had been canceledbecause of the severe snowstorm.
A. That they arrived at the airportB. As soon as arriving at the airportC. At the airportD. They arrived at the airport
19. When competing in a demolition derby,__ until their ccars aredemolished.A. that drivers continueB. drivers must continueC. drivers continuingD. although drivers must continue
121
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
20. __ governments point with pride to icreasing mechanisation inagriculture, human and animal power still produces a significantportion of the world's food.
A. Since B. Because C. So that D. While
21. , tobacco farmers had not yet felt its effect.A. Though a campaign against smokingB. That there was a campaign against smokingC. Even though there was a campaign against smokingD. There was a campaign against smoking
22. There were few settlements along the North Caroline coast__many problems for seafarers.A. because the offshore barrier posedB. before posing the offshore barrierC. while posing the offshore barrierD. that the offshore barrier had posed
23. since the death of her father.A. The ancestral home of my mother abandonedB. My mother's ancestral home standing abandonedC. My mother's ancestral home has stood abandonedD. My mother's ancestral home which has stood abandoned
24. , the owner and buyer finally agreed on a price for thehouse.
A. They had been bargaining for several weeksB. After bargaining for several weeksC. After several weeks they began bargainingD. As if bargaining for several weeks
25. __ of the tranquilizer, the scientist put a tag on its ear andrecorded details about the animal.
A. While under the effect the deerB. While being under the effect the deerC. While the deer was under the effectD. While the deer under the effect
26. He had been cutting human hairs for two years before he came toABC 0
Darhkan.27. Linseed oil exposed to airs forms a robbery film.
ABC 028. The principal called the teachers' attentions to the fact that, in thecoming
CA B
122
year, the school's enrollment would be almost doubled.o
Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
e 038. Leading scientists are often the kinds of person who have enjoyedABe
intellectual challenges all their lives.o
39. Plants of these type grow best in places where there ;s a greatdeal of
A B e 0shade.
40. In spite of their aloofness and independent bearing, thedomisticated cat
A Bhas come to depend upon man for food and protection.
e 041. When Rhodesia declared their independence from England fewthought
A Bthat the new government would last even a month.
e 0
42. There are almost a million people with Spanish surnames in LosAngeles
Aout of a total population of more than seven millions.BeD
43. In the early 1970's total employment in the United States stood atroughly
eA B
eighty three millions.o
44. In the 1930's more than two thousands interview of former slaveswere
A Bconducted by members of the Federal Writers Project.
e 045. Both as a hobbyandasa profession, phdographyhasfascinated people
A Bfor more than hundred years.
e 046. For all their knowledgeand years' observations, astronomershave more
A Bquestions than answers about Halley's or any other comet.
e .~ 0
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Chapter Eight Exercises: Test
47. The tamarind is an attractive tropical tree that may grow as tall asseventy-
A B Cfive foot.
o48. Though the dust illY heavy upon the floor, it was evident that anold house,
A Bits windows carelesly boarded gp, must once have been a
magnificentC 0
mansion.49. The Scots have porridge for breakfast; a wedding breakfast washeld in
ABC 0her father's house.
50. Prime Minister announced the names of those who were to benamed to
oA
the Cabinet.
B C
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