Eberhart transcription flip book

Protein Synthesis

By: Alex Eberhart

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

RibosomesNucleus

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TACGTACATAATATC~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ATGCATGTATTATAG~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TACGTACATAATATC~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ATGCATGTATTATAG~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

RNA Polymerase

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TACGTACATAATATC~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ATGCATGTATTATAG~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TACGTACATAATATC~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ATGCATGTATTATAG~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TACGTACATAATATC~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ATGCATGTATTATAG~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

mRNA Strand

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TACGTACATAATATC~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ATGCATGTATTATAG~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

mRNA Strand

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TACGTACATAATATC~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ATGCATGTATTATAG~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

mRNA Strand

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TACGTACATAATATC~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ATGCATGTATTATAG~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

mRNA Strand

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TACGTACATAATATC~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ATGCATGTATTATAG~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

mRNA Strand

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TACGTACATAATATC~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ATGCATGTATTATAG~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

mRNA Strand

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TACGTACATAATATC~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ATGCATGTATTATAG~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

mRNA Strand

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TACGTACATAATATC~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ATGCATGTATTATAG~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

mRNA Strand

Ribosomes

Nucleus

RibosomesNucleus

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Nuclear Pore

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Nuclear Pore

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Nuclear Pore

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Nuclear Pore

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Nuclear Pore

Cytoplasm

Ribosome

Large Subunit

Small Subunit A U G C A U G U A U U A U A G

U A C

StartCodon

Codon Codon Codon StopCodon

tRNA Molecule

Anti-Codon

Ribosome

Large Subunit

Small Subunit A U G C A U G U A U U A U A G

U A C

StartCodon

Codon Codon Codon StopCodon

Ribosome

Large Subunit

Small Subunit A U G C A U G U A U U A U A G

U A C

G U A

StartCodon

Codon Codon Codon StopCodon

Ribosome

Large Subunit

Small Subunit A U G C A U G U A U U A U A G

U A C

G U A

C A U

StartCodon

Codon Codon Codon StopCodon

Ribosome

Large Subunit

Small Subunit A U G C A U G U A U U A U A G

U A C

G U A

C A U

A A U

StartCodon

Codon Codon Codon StopCodon

Ribosome

Large Subunit

Small Subunit A U G C A U G U A U U A U A G

G U A

C A U

A A U

StartCodon

Codon Codon Codon StopCodon

Peptide Bond

Ribosome

Large Subunit

Small Subunit A U G C A U G U A U U A U A G

C A U

A A U

StartCodon

Codon Codon Codon StopCodon

Peptide Bond

Ribosome

Large Subunit

Small Subunit A U G C A U G U A U U A U A G

A A U

StartCodon

Codon Codon Codon StopCodon

Peptide Bond

Ribosome

Large Subunit

Small Subunit A U G C A U G U A U U A U A G

StartCodon

Codon Codon Codon StopCodon

Peptide Bond

Amino Acids

Ribosome

Large Subunit

Small Subunit A U G C A U G U A U U A U A G

StartCodon

Codon Codon Codon StopCodon

Peptide Bond

Ribosome

Large Subunit

Small Subunit A U G C A U G U A U U A U A G

StartCodon

Codon Codon Codon StopCodon

Final Protein

Protein Synthesis Summary

The information on DNA is copied onto an mRNA strand as RNA Polymerase is synthesizing it. This strand then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome, where it starts the process of translation. Here, tRNA molecules bring amino acids with anti-codons that are complementary to the codons on the mRNA strand. The amino acids fall off and join together with a peptide bond. These amino acids then form a tertiary structure so they can fully function.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TACGTACATAATATC~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ATGCATGTATTATAG~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~