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Endocrine GlandsEndocrine Glands(Page 151)(Page 151)
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
SUPRARENAL SUPRARENAL GLANDGLAND
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Suprarenal GlandSuprarenal Gland It has double origin:It has double origin:
Cortex:Cortex: from proliferating coelomic from proliferating coelomic epithelium (mesodermal) in 2 stages: epithelium (mesodermal) in 2 stages: fetal and permenant.fetal and permenant.
Medulla:Medulla: from neural crest, Chromaffin from neural crest, Chromaffin cells (ectodermal) which invaginate the cells (ectodermal) which invaginate the cortex.cortex.
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Fate of adrenal cortex:1- Fetal cortex: regress rapidly leaving outer part to form zona reticularis.2- Permenant cortex: differentiate into zona glomerulosa and zona fasiculata.N.B. Zona glomerulosa and fasiculata are present since birth while reticularis becomes recognisable at 3rd year.
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OF PITUITARY GLANDPITUITARY GLAND
(Page 153)(Page 153)
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
PITUITARY GLANDPITUITARY GLANDIt has double origin:It has double origin:1- 1- Rathke’s pouch:Rathke’s pouch: from roof of from roof of
stomodeum.stomodeum.2- 2- Infundibular process:Infundibular process: from from
floor of diencephalon.floor of diencephalon.Dr.Sherif Fahmy
L.S. in folded embryo
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Congenital Anomalies of Congenital Anomalies of Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland
1- 1- Agenesis:Agenesis: Failure of formation. Failure of formation.2- 2- Absent anterior lobe.Absent anterior lobe.3- 3- Craniopharyngioma:Craniopharyngioma: Tumour Tumour
from persistence of Rathke’s from persistence of Rathke’s pouch.pouch.
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Development of Muscular Development of Muscular System System (Page 145)(Page 145)
Skeletal muscles:Skeletal muscles: from paraxial from paraxial mesoderm.mesoderm.
Smooth muscles: Smooth muscles: from from splanchnic mesoderm around splanchnic mesoderm around developing gut.developing gut.
Cardiac muscle:Cardiac muscle: from splanchnic from splanchnic mesoderm around heart tube.mesoderm around heart tube.
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
EMBRYONIC DISC• It is composed of three layers:
–Ectoderm which give rise to epidermis of skin, nervous system.
–Mesoderm which gives rise to skeletal, muscular and vascular systems.
–Endoderm which gives rise to mucosal lining of digestive, respiratory, heart and primitive germ cells.
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
INTRA-EMBRYONIC MESODERM• It is divided into 3 columns on each side
of notochord.1- Paraxial mesoderm which forms somites.2- Intermediate mesoderm forms uro-genital
system.3- Lateral plate mesoderm which forms
serous membranes of the body and muscles of body wall and limbs.
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Divisions of Intraembryonic Mesoderm
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Somites After Folding
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Striated Skeletal MusculatureStriated Skeletal MusculatureSkeletal muscles are developed from Skeletal muscles are developed from
somites which divides into:somites which divides into:Hypomeric portion:Hypomeric portion: ventrolateral part which ventrolateral part which
forms muscles of limbs and body wall. forms muscles of limbs and body wall. Epimeric portion:Epimeric portion: Dorsomedial part which Dorsomedial part which
forms extensor back muscles.forms extensor back muscles.N.B. Epimeric and hypomeric cells are called N.B. Epimeric and hypomeric cells are called
precursor muscle cells.precursor muscle cells...
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Differentiation of a Somite
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Head Musculature- All voluntary muscles are developed
from paraxial mesoderm.- Muscles of iris are developed from
optic cup ectoderm.
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Septum TransversumCranial part: Central tendon of diaphragm.Central mesenchyme: Hematopoietic cells in liver.Caudal region: in ventral mesogastrium.
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Bucco-pharyngeal membrane
Cloacal membrane
Cardiogenic area
Notochord
Septum transversumPericardium
Pleura
Pleuro-peritoneal membrane
PeritoneumIntra-embryonic ceolom
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Bucco-pharyngeal membrane
heart
Pericardium
Septum transversum
Pharynx
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Development of Diaphragm
(Page 157)Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Anatomy of Diaphragm
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Lower Aspect Inferior vena cava
Esophagus
Aorta
Rt. crusLt. crus
Central tendon
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
DIAPHRAGMDIAPHRAGM• It is developed from the following It is developed from the following
structuresstructures..1-1- Septum transversum:Septum transversum: It lies firstly infront It lies firstly infront
the pharynx in neck and forms central tendon.the pharynx in neck and forms central tendon.2- 2- Cervical myotomes (C3,4,5):Cervical myotomes (C3,4,5): Forms the Forms the
muscular part around the central tendon and muscular part around the central tendon and supplied by supplied by phrenic nervephrenic nerve..
3- 3- Pleuro-peritoneal membrane:Pleuro-peritoneal membrane: forms the forms the postero-lateral parts of the diaphragm.postero-lateral parts of the diaphragm.
4- 4- Meso-esophagus:Meso-esophagus: forms the median forms the median posterior part.posterior part.
5- 5- Mesoderm of thoracic wall:Mesoderm of thoracic wall: forms the forms the periphery of diaphragm.periphery of diaphragm.
6- 6- Mesoderm around aorta:Mesoderm around aorta: forms the crura.forms the crura. Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
CONGENITAL ANOMALIESCONGENITAL ANOMALIES
• 1- 1- Congenital Hernia of Bochdalic:Congenital Hernia of Bochdalic: due to failure of formation of pleuro-due to failure of formation of pleuro-peritoneal membrane.peritoneal membrane.
• 2- 2- Esophageal (Hiatus) Hernia:Esophageal (Hiatus) Hernia: due due to wide esophageal opening or short to wide esophageal opening or short esophagus.esophagus.
• 3- 3- Parasternal hernia (of Parasternal hernia (of Morgagni):Morgagni): wide gap between sternal wide gap between sternal and costal origin of diaphragm.and costal origin of diaphragm.Dr.Sherif
Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
Dr.Sherif Fahmy
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