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DEFENCE MECHANISM

A Coping system to Life

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INTRODUCTION

Defence Mechanism is a broad term, but popularly known as Ego Defence Mechanism which falls under psychology.

In Physiology, the defensive reaction of an organism, as against a pathogenic microorganism.

In Psychology, an unconscious process, as denial, that protects an individual from acceptable or painful ideas or impulses. A Freudian term referring to an unconscious avoidance of something that produces anxiety or some other unpleasant emotion.

Cont.

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INTRODUCTION

Defence Mechanism

Bodily Defence Mechanism Ego Defence Mechanism

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DEFENCE MECHANISM

Protective response of the body against disease

Physiological

Unconscious mental process to protect from shame, anxiety, loss of self-esteem, conflict, or unacceptable feelings

Psychological

Bodily Defence Mechanism

Ego Defence Mechanism

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Lymphocyte CellsA lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system, and play a major role in defending the body from both tumors and virally infected cells. They number about one trillion.

BODILY DEFENCE MECHANISM

(Immunological Mechanism)

Cont.

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(Immunological Mechanism)

Reticuloendothelial SystemReticuloendothelial system, mononuclear system, is involved in the acquisition of nutrients in the immune system, it is a major mechanism used to remove pathogens and cell debris, It engulfs and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances or abnormal body cells. These cells are derived from the bone marrow. They are mostly located in tissues such as the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, brain, and subcutaneous tissues.

BODILY DEFENCE MECHANISM

Cont.

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Endocrine SystemThe endocrine system is a complex network of glands and hormones that regulates many of the body's functions, including growth, development and maturation, as well as the way various organs operate. The endocrine glands -- including the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, and testes -- release carefully-measured amounts of hormones into the bloodstream that act as natural chemical messengers, traveling to different parts of the body in order to control and adjust many life functions.

BODILY DEFENCE MECHANISM

(Immunological Mechanism)

Cont.

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Endocrine SystemThe system works in parallel with the nervous system to control growth and maturation along with homeostasis.

BODILY DEFENCE MECHANISM

(Immunological Mechanism)

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Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) : Psychoanalytic Theory

EGO DEFENCE MECHANISM

Ego defence mechanism is a constellation of related ideas by means of which the individual

Maintains

Enhances

Defends himself

Cont.

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Psychoanalytic Theory

Personality Structure (Id, Ego & Superego)

EGO DEFENCE MECHANISM

Structure of PersonalityId: a selfish, childish, pleasure-oriented part of the personality with no ability to delay gratification.

Superego: internalized societal and parental standards of "good" and "bad", "right" and "wrong" behaviour.

Ego: the moderator between the id and superego which seeks compromises to pacify both. It can be viewed as our "sense of time and place",

Cont.

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Psychoanalytic Theory

Personality Structure (Id, Ego & Superego)

ID

EGO

SUPER EGO

PRIMITIVE AND UNCONSCIOUS

EXECUTIVE OF THE PERSONALITY OR MEDIATOR

IDEAL / LEARNED / MORAL

GOAL

EGO DEFENCE MECHANISM

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EGO’S INVOLVEMENT IN FRUSTRATION

Frustration refers to the state of the organism when the achievement of goal is blocked

External:

Physical Social

Internal:

Physiological Psychological

Cont.

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Frustration sets barrier before the goal.

Thus, Ego gets involved mediating between the individual and frustration

EGO’S INVOLVEMENT IN FRUSTRATION

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DEFENCE MECHANISM

Rationalization

Where a person convinces him or herself that no wrong is done through rationalizing or making excuse

Cont.

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Projection

Placing blame for own difficulties on others

Cont.

DEFENCE MECHANISM

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Compensation

Covering up weakness by emphasizing desirable trait

Cont.

DEFENCE MECHANISM

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Displacement

Shifting aggressive impulses to a more acceptable or less threatening target

Cont.

DEFENCE MECHANISM

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Reaction Formation

Behaviour that is completely the opposite of what one really wants or feels

Cont.

DEFENCE MECHANISM

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Sublimation

Transformation of negative emotions or instincts into positive actions, behaviour or emotion

Cont.

DEFENCE MECHANISM

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Isolation

Withdrawal from situation, passivity

Cont.

DEFENCE MECHANISM

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Denial

Protects self from unpleasant reality by refusal to face it, often by escapist activities

Cont.

DEFENCE MECHANISM

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Repression

Preventing painful thoughts from entering consciousness

Cont.

DEFENCE MECHANISM

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Regression

Temporary reversion to an earlier stage of development

Cont.

DEFENCE MECHANISM

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Intellectualization

A form of isolation; concentrating on the intellectual components of a situation so as to distance oneself from the associated anxiety-provoking situation

Cont.

DEFENCE MECHANISM

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Healthy persons use different defences throughout life

Ego Defense Mechanism becomes pathological only when its persistent use leads to maladaptive behaviour

CONCLUSION

Unconscious psychological strategies help cope with reality

Protective response of the body against disease

Physiological

Psychological

Defence mechanism, a completely different two systems that help individual keep balance in physic and mind

Thank You

I am omni positive (O+).

M Habibur Rahman KhanLieutenant Commander Bangladesh NavyPsychologistmhrkhan40@gmail.com