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This PPt is about the creativity development in the US and reasons why the US has such many creative ideas and inventions. There is a complex of different components for creativity: personality, environment, culture, policies and education. The question is whether Vietnam can develop creative education?
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HOW IS CREATIVITY DEVELOPED IN THE US? DOES IT MAKE ANY SENSE FOR VIETNAM?
Dr. Tran Thi Bich Lieu
hoangdanlieu@yahoo.com
(2005-06)
Dr. Sarah Mackenzie
mackenziesarahv@gmail.com
(2012)
HOW IS CREATIVITY DEVELOPED IN THE US? DOES IT MAKE ANY SENSE
FOR VIETNAM?
Agenda
What is your creativity quotient?How and why are Americans so prolific with
regard to innovations in many fields? How do American parents, teachers and
schools cultivate creativity? Should developing creative thinking be a
priority for Vietnam? If so, how could we accomplish this?
How creative are you?
• Please complete the test, count your scores and then compare them to the results in the next slide.
• Consider your scores in the various categories.
• In what ways are you creative?
• Please share the factors in your experience that encouraged or discouraged your creativity with your peer.
Everyone can be creative, but what obstacles prevent you from being creative?
A contemporary story of creativity(and entrepreneurship)
USA – A Country of Important Inventions
USA: 5 UK: 18 Germany: 5 France: 7 Other countries: 131- 1800
USA: 2 UK: 9 German: 3 France: 5 Other countries: 21801-1850
USA: 26 UK: 2 German: 8 France: 1 Other countries: 81901-1950
1951-2000USA: 19 UK: 1 German: 1 France: 0 Other countries: 3
Source: History of inventions
What nurtures creativity and inventiveness in the US?
• Environment/Ethos• Policies• Investment• Education
Environment for creativity
History: of Discovery and ExplorationPolitics: Guarantee of Freedom of Expression and Access to InformationDemographics: Melting Pot and the American Dream
Go West, young man!
Culture:
•Individualism•Belief in oneself•Tolerance of eccentricity (ki di)•Risk-taking and learning from failure•Competitiveness AND Cooperation•Focus on the Future
If at first you don’t succeed, try and try again!
Policies
K-12 Education:Increase America’s talent pool by vastly
improving K–12 science and mathematics education.
(10,000 Teachers, 10 Million Minds)
Higher education: Make the United States the most
attractive place for the best and brightest students, scientists,
and engineers from within the United States and throughout
the world. (Best and Brightest)
(Committee on Prospering in the Global Economy of the 21st Century: An
Agenda for American Science and Technology for a Brighter Economic Future)
More Policies
• Research (Sowing the Seeds): invest in long-term basic research
to maintain the flow of new ideas that fuel the economy, provide
security, and enhance the quality of life.
• Economics (Incentives for Innovation): Ensure that the United
States is the premier place in the world to innovate; invest in
downstream activities such as manufacturing and marketing; and
create high-paying jobs based on innovation by such actions as
modernizing the patent system, realigning tax policies to
encourage innovation, and ensuring affordable broadband access.
The Creative Monopoly
• DAVID BROOKS
We live in a culture that nurtures competitive skills. And they are necessary: discipline, rigor and reliability. But it’s probably a good idea to try to supplement them with the skills of the creative monopolist: alertness, independence and the ability to reclaim forgotten traditions.
Everybody worries about American competitiveness. That may be the wrong problem. The future of the country will probably be determined by how well Americans can succeed at being monopolists.
Investment for R&DThe most innovation
Countries 2011
Competition ranking Ranking by GDP/capita HDI Investment(% of GDP)
1.Switzerland 1 17 11(0,903) 2.99
2.Sweden 2 23 10(0904) 3.95($10440.90 mill)
3. Singapore 3 5 26(0,866) 2.5
4. Hong Kong (China) 11 13 13(0,898)
5. Finland 7 34 22(0,892) 3.87
6. Denmark 9 29 16(0,895) 3.06
7. US 4 11 4(0,910) 2.68 ($312,535.40 mill)
8. Canada 10 22 6 (0,908) 1.99 ($21047.60 mill)
9. Netherland 8 21 3 (0,910) 1.83
10.UK 12 37 28(0,863) 1.88 ($33231.20 mill)
11.Iceland 31 25 7(0,908) 3.11
Investment in Higher Education
MIT economist and Nobel Laureate Robert Solow
estimates that more than half of America's economic
growth since World War II can be traced to
technological innovation - much of it spawned through
government-funded, university-based research. (Susan
Hockfield, a guest columnist, is president of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008).
Why education for creativity?
“Human creativity is the ultimate economic resource.”
with a very different kind of mind.…These people – artists, inventors, caregivers, consolers, big picture thinkers – will now reap society’s richest rewards and share its greatest joys.”
“The future belongs to a very different kind of person…
Simultaneously, creativity exists in the manager as well as in the artist…The more open and free form creativity is what the artist displays, while the manager, who is creative with sales strategies or dealing with people, is being creative in a different, more refined and focused way. It’s not usually looked upon as creativity, but it is. Marshall Barnes
Creative qualities – Can we develop them?
HOW DO PARENTS AND TEACHERS NURTURE CREATIVE MINDS?
You can't make your child creative, he simply is creative. ~ David Peat
Let them play
Encourage risk-taking
Allow exploration and experimentation; cultivate engagement
Support perseverance
• Recognize all the people and experiences that made you who you are— genius didn’t spring spontaneously
• 10,000 hours to be an expert
Embrace ambiguity and chaos
Tinkering school ~Gever Tulley
Help them seek intrinsic (not extrinsic) rewards (Explore oneself)
As adults we have internalized authority; we have roles, models, values that are not are own, goals that are placed upon us. All this can destroy creativity. The deadline, the writer's block, the program's goals - all can kill. By contrast, creativity is unconditioned, it is its own reward. But external goals, rules, etc. that become internalized can destroy creativity and cripple the mind. David Peat
Recognize individual “intelligence”
Use the latest brain research
Recent Research Suggests Teaching Suggestions
The brain performs many functions simultaneously. Learning is enhanced by a rich environment with a variety of stimuli.
Employ a layered curriculum to reach all kids recognizing that it’s more than just time.. some have to do things, some have to hear, not enough to read
Learning engages the entire physiology. Physical development, personal comfort, and emotional state affect the ability to learn.
Create a sense of community and connection with students—when they feel safe the amygdala is less involved and opportunity for learning is greatly increased.
The search for meaning is innate. The mind's natural curiosity can be engaged by complex and meaningful challenges.
Motivation and attention come from helping children find meaning for themselves
The brain is designed to perceive and generate patterns.
Present information in context (real life science, thematic instruction) so the learner can identify patterns and connect with previous experiences.
A school using brain-based learning concepts
Teacher practice and creativity
• Teaching creativity requires that we “go deep” with children rather than providing them with more information. And, given that human performance is not directly teachable, it means setting the conditions under which creativity flourishes. It also means, as in the case of the modern art example, that we may not know creativity until we see it. None of these methods fits well with a data-driven, standards-based accountability system. Thom Markham
• Speak the language of creativity.
• Emphasize questions and inquiry.
• Project Based Learning
• Use breakthrough assessments.
• Don’t label students as “smart.”
• Encourage open-ended and “out of the box” thinking.
• Address important, real questions.
• Rubrics with a “what’s cool” category.
Suggestions for teachers from Thom Markham
Teach to the iceberg
Below the tip of the iceberg is 90% of the human being. Teaching creativity requires shifting our attention to the process of inner discovery, allowing students time to reflect, discuss, and brainstorm, as well as using proven methods for getting the creative juices flowing, such as mindfulness, meditation, silence, or structured interactive exercises.
Focus on the whole child
Kĩ nănggiảngdạyvà đánh giá TK 21
http://www.marzanoresearch.com/reproducibles/teaching_assessing.aspx
Cognitive Skills:Kĩ năngnhậnthức
Conative skills:Kĩ năngtự nhận thức
• Analyzing and utilizing information Phântíchvàsửdụngthông tin
• Addressing complex problems and issues problem-based learning
• Chú trọng các vấn đề phức hợp và học tập dựa trên vấn đề
• Creating patterns and mental models
• Sáng tạo các mẫu, các thiết kế và mô hình cảm xúc, trí tuệ
40
Cognitive Skills: Kĩ năngnhậnthức
Specific Cognitive Skills
Chi tiếtkĩnăngnhậnthức
Analyzing and Navigating digital resources (Duyệt các nguồn tài liệu)
Utilizing InformationPhântíchvàsửdụngthông tin
Identifying common logical errors (Xác định các lỗi logic thông thường)
Addressing Generating conclusions (Đưa ra kết luận)
Complex Presenting and supporting claims (Trình bày và hỗ trợ kết luận)
Problems & Issues Focus (Tập trung)
ĐặtvàGiảiquyếtvấnđề Divergent and convergent thinking (Suynghĩgiốngvàkhácnhau)Problem solving protocol (Các bước giải quyết vấn đề)
Creating Identifying relationships between ideas (Xác định mốiquanhệgiữacácýtưởng)
Patterns and Creating graphic representations (Trình bày đồ họa)
Mental Generating mental images ( hình dung hình ảnh)
Models Conducting thought experiments (Tiếnhànhthínghiệmgiảtưởng)
Sángtạomôhìnhvàmẫu Performing mental rehearsal (Tiếnhànhluyệntập)
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• The aspect of mental processes or behavior directed toward action or change and including impulse, desire, volition, and striving. Các khía cạnh của quá trình tâm lý hoặc hành vi trực tiếp hướng về hành động hay sự thay đổi bao gồm ý chí, mong muốn và phấn đấu.
Knowledge and Understanding of Self (intrapersonal)
Nhận thức và hiểu biết bản thân
Knowledge and Understanding of Others (interpersonal)
Nhận thức và hiểu người khác
42
Conative skillsKĩ năngtựnhậnthức
Specific Conative SkillsKĩ năng tự nhận thức đặc thù
Understanding and Becoming Aware of the power of interpretations (Cókhả�năngdiễ ngiả�i)
Controlling Oneself
Cultivating useful ways of thinking(Nuôi dưỡng suy nghĩ tích cực)
Nhận biễ�t và kiễ�m soát bả�n thân
Avoiding Negative Ways of thinking(Tránh suy nghĩ tiễu cực)
Understanding and Perspective takingCùng thảm giả
Interacting with others
Responsible interactionTrách nhiệm tương tác
Nhận biễ�t và tương tác với người khác
Controversy and conflict resolutionTrảnhluậnvàgiả�iquyễ�txungđột
43
Can we teach creativity in Vietnam?• Lão nông lớp bốn và Chiếc máy thái hành tự động ! ( Onion Cutting Machine -
farmer)• Chế tạo máy rửa bát mang thương hiệu Việt Nam (Dish washer: farmer)• Máysấytầngsôitạohạt do Việt Nam chếtạo (Drying machine - engineer)• Sinh viên chế tạo xe chạy xăng- điện (Car runs by both petrol & electricity by
students)
Please do a SWOT analysis for developing creativity in Vietnam
Strengths
Weaknesses
Threats
Opportunities
Be creative!
Links for Creativity• www.iferd.edu.vn• Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing
and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future http://books.nap.edu/catalog/11463.html
• www.edutopia.org/• www.waldorfearlychildhood.org/article.asp?id=8
Conclusion
• Creativity definitions• Factors impacting creativity• How to develop creativity
US inventions and inventors by yearsInvention Year Author
Cộtthulôi 1752 Benjamin Franklin
Tàungầm 1755 David Bushnell
Kínhhaitròng 1780 Benjamin Franklin
Tàu thủy (gắn động cơ hơi nước, sau đó được Robert Fulton cải tiến)
1786 John Fitch
Máytỉahạtbông 1793 Eli Whitney
Chânvịt 1084 John Stevens
Máy đánh chữ 1829 William A.Burt
Nhựatổnghợp Bakelite Leo Hendrik Baekeland
Ốngchânkhông 3 cực (triode) Lee De Forest
US inventions and inventors by yearsInvention Year Author
Máy điều hòa không khí 1911 Willis Carrier
Đèn hơi thủy ngân 1912 Peter Cooper Hewitt
Phươngpháp cracking dầumỏ William Meriam Burton
Máythusóngvôtuyến (radio) 1913 Ernst Alexanderson, Reginald Aubrey Fessenden
Súng trường tự động 1916 John Moses Browning
Ống Coolidge William David Coolidge[2]
Ống điện tử iconoscope Vladimir Kosma Zworykin
US inventions and inventors by yearsInvention Year Author
Bom hydro 1952 Edward Teller và Stanislaw Ulam
Pin mặttrời 1954 Bell Telephone Laboratory
Mạch điện tử tích hợp (IC) 1958 Jack Kilby, Robert Noyce
Diode phátquang (LED) 1962 Diode phátquang (LED)
Hiểnthịtinhthểlỏng (LCD) 1964 George Heimeier
Gene nhântạo 1970 HarGobind Khorana
Tàuvũtrụ con thoi 1981 NASA
….
Some samples of US inventions
…steam boat, automobile, stop sign, shredded wheat, telephone, submarine, zipper, bottle cap, refrigerator, telegraph, tractor, ice cream scoop, the internet, i-phone, post-its, computer, TV, video games, laser disk, photocopier, traffic lights, airplanes, A-bomb, cruise control, remote control, microwave oven, electric guitar, deodorant, fiberglass, X-ray, beach ball, computer, sunglasses, shopping cart, chair lift, Ferris wheel Phillips head screw, trampoline, black light, golf cart, toilet brush, bubble gum, assembly line, thumb tack, key punch, laxative, Teddy Bear, hearing aid, periscope, air conditioning, tea bag, banana split…
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