Contrastive analysis on syntax - CLEA

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The Contrastive Analysis on The Level of Syntax

Group 5 :I. Achmad Munier 201012501057II. Tyas Indah N. D. 201012501034III. Rizki Listri Kartika 201012501012IV. Dinar Anggraini 201012500990V. Yuko Arum L. 201012501045

1. Word Order

• In English word order is fixed.• In Indonesian word order is much more

flexible. The prominent word precedes the less prominent one.

2. Clause Subject x Verb is the nucleus of an English clause. In Indonesian, when reference is clear through the context, an

explicit word is not normally mentioned. Therefore, a clause may not have a subject or a verb.

A. Clauses without a verbI. No copulaII. Showing directionIII. SufferingIV. ActivitiesV. Possession or part

B. Clauses without a subjectVI. No equivalence of introductory ‘ it ’VII. In a complex sentence

3. Questions

• In English questions are identified by inversion of subject and verb, either the yes-no type or the wh- type.

• In Indonesian the yes-no type uses the rising intonation or begins with ‘Apakah’ with the falling intonation. The wh- type or information question begins with the question word and the position of the subject and verb in inverted.

• In Indonesian, the information questions use the word order as the statements. The word in question is replaced by a question word.

4. Verbs

• In English, verbs are always related to tenses. Time and aspect are expressed in the tenses.

• In Indonesian time and aspect are expressed by independent words which do not formally correlate with the other words within the sentence.

5. Correlation of forms

• In English the words within the sentence are formally correlated.

• In Indonesian, on the other hand, words are not correlated formally with one another. Each word is independent.

6. Active and Passive voice

• English is characterized by the dominant role of the active voice.

• Indonesian is characterized by the passive voice.• Due to the fact that Indonesian:

1. Tends to put the prominent words prior to the less prominent ones.

2. Especially in sentences about the second person (you), the sentences topic is not explicitly mentioned.

7. Function words

• ArticlesIn Indonesian, there ia no article. The idea expressed by ‘ a ’ and ‘the‘ is expressed by an independent word.

• PronounsThe English pronouns have their counterparts in Indonesian. Nevertheless, there are a number of noted differences that be serious problem for Indonesia learners.

8. Transitive verbs

• In Indonesian, a transitive verb is not always followed by an object.

• In English it is almost always followed by an object.

9. Redundancy of the ‘cover term’

• In Indonesian, the cover term is also used with the specific one.

Thanks for your attention