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Computer fundamentals
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COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS
MADE BY:-
ALOK TIWARI
SAGAR SONI
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
A computer is a programmable
machine designed to sequentially
and automatically carry out a
sequence of arithmetic or logical
operations
BASIC COMPUTER OPERATION
1. Input: This is the process of entering data and programs
in to
the computer system. You should know that computer is an
electronic machine like any other machine, which takes as
input
raw data and performs some processing giving out
processed
data. Therefore, the input unit takes data from us to the
computer
in an organized manner for processing.
2. Storage: The process of saving data and
instructions permanently is known as storage. Data
has to be fed into the system before the actual
processing starts. It is because the processing speed
of Central Processing Unit (CPU) is so fast that the
data has to be provided to CPU with the same speed.
Therefore the data is
first stored in the storage unit for faster access and
processing.
This storage unit or the primary storage of the
computer system
is designed to do the above functionality
3. PROCESSING T H E TA S K O F P E R F O R M I N G O P E R AT I O N S L I K E A R I T H M E T I C A N D LO G I C A L O P E R AT I O N S I S C A L L E D P R O C E SS I N G . T H E C E N T R A L P R O C E SS I N G U N I T ( C P U ) TA K E S D ATA A N D I N S T R U C T I O N S F R O M T H E S T O R A G E U N I T A N D M A K E S A L L S O RT S O F C A L C U L AT I O N S B A S E D O N T H E I N S T R U C T I O N S G I V E N A N D T H E T Y P E O F D ATA P R OV I D E D . T H E R E S U LT I S T H E N S E N T B A C K T O T H E S T O R A G E U N I T .
4. Output: This is the process of producing results from the data for getting useful information. The results could either be displayed on the screen or may be printed for future reference. The output unit therefore allows the results to be either stored inside the computer for further processing or may give you the results in human readable form.
COMPUTER HARDWARE
COMPONENTS
1.MOTHERBOARD
2.POWER SUPPLY
3.REMOVABLE MEDIA DEVICES
4. SECONDARY STORAGE
5.INPUT/OUTPUT PHERIPHERALS.
1.MOTHERBOARD
The motherboard is the main
component inside the case. It
is a large rectangular board
with integrated circuitry that
connects the other parts of the
computer including the CPU,
the RAM, the disk drives (CD,
DVD hard disk or any others)
as well as any peripherals
connected via the ports or the
expansion slots.
2.POWER SUPPLYA power supply unit (PSU)
converts alternating current (AC)
electric power to low-voltage DC
power for the internal components
of the computer.. Power supply
units used in computers are
nearly always switch mode power
supplies (SMPS). The SMPS
provides regulated direct current
power at the several voltages
required by the motherboard and
accessories such as disk drives
and cooling fans.
3.REMOVABLE MEDIA
DEVICESIn computer storage, removable media
refers to storage media which is
designed to be removed from the
computer without powering the
computer off. Some types of
removable media are designed to be
read by removable readers and drives.
Examples include:
Optical discs (Blu-ray discs, DVDs,
CDs)
Memory cards(CompactFlash card,
Secure Digital card, Memory Stick)
Floppy disks / Zip disks Magnetic
tapes
Paper data storage (punched cards,
punched tapes
4.SECONDARY STORAGEsecondary storage is a
storage medium that
holds information until
it is deleted or
overwritten regardless
if the computer has
power. For example, a
floppy disk drive and
hard disk drive are both
good examples of
secondary storage
devices.
5.INPUT/OUT-PUT DEVICES
In computing,
input/output, or I/O,
refers to the
communication between
an information processing
system (such as a
computer), and the
outside world, possibly a
human, or another
information processing
system. Inputs are the
signals or data received
by the system, and
outputs are the signals or
data sent from it.
THANK YOU
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