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One does not simply explain "cloud". A continuum from virtual machines to the cloud, with a Star Trek bias. Holodeck, virtual machines, hypervisors, pulbic cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, VirtualBox, Ubuntu, OpenStack, and finally, Make it so!
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“Computer, end program”
Making virtual worlds possible
Sameer Verma, Ph.D.Professor, Information Systems DepartmentCollege of Business, San Francisco State UniversitySan Francisco, CA 94132 USAhttp://verma.sfsu.edu/ sverma@sfsu.edu
Unless noted otherwise
Holodeck on StarTrek Enterprise TNG
Holodeck
● Star Trek: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holodeck
● A simulated reality, where 3D worlds could be simulated with force fields and projections.
● Load, run, freeze and store programs.
As it was in the beginning
● Mainframe virtualization.● IBM's CP-40 research system in 1967.● Compartmentalize large processing
capabilities.● Run processes separately.● Lease “slices” to different customers.
Too many servers?
● Data center challenges● One physical server for one application
– Web
– Storage
– Authentication
– Network
Power, Cooling, Bandwidth...
= 4
Rise of Apache
● Apache VirtualHost.● Multiple virtual web hosts in each physical
server.● Led to the adoption of Apache in server
rooms.● Eventually led to Linux to run these websites.● Still one underlying OS.
Single point of failure?
Hypervisor
This is not a hypervisor
...although it is a VISOR http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geordi_La_Forge#VISOR
http://startrek.asatem.cz/storage/laforge_geordi01.jpg
Hypervisor
hypervisor
operating system operating system operating system
hardware
Type 1: Bare Metal (example: kvm)
apps appsapps apps apps apps apps
Hypervisor
hardware
hypervisor
operating system (guest) operating system operating system
operating system (host)
Type 2: Hosted (example: virtualbox)
apps apps apps apps apps appsapps
Paravirtualization
hardware
hypervisor
operating system (modified)
operating system (host)
apps appsapps
com
mon
Example: Linux Container (LXC)
Public and Private clouds
Public Private
Hybrid clouds
Public Private
+
Hypervisors galore!
Hypervisors (xen, kvm, vmware, hyper-v, virtualbox, ...)
https://www.openstack.org/software/
Moving up to the cloud
*aaS
● Software as a Service (SaaS)– Salesforce.com, GoogleDocs
● Platform as a Service (PaaS)– Google App Engine, Heroku, OpenShift
● Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)– OpenStack, Eucalyptus, CloudStack
● Metal as a Service (MaaS)– Ubuntu MaaS
Juju + charms
Juju
charms
Cloud computing
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