Citing Internet Sources- How to cite an internet site?- ثبت مصادر الانترنت

Ahmed-Refat Refat www.ZJOHS.eg.net 1

Dr. Ahmed-Refat AG Refat

WWW.ZJOHS.Page.TL

Citing Citing InternetInternet SourcesSources

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This Presentation is based on:

Citing Medicine , the NLM style guide for authors, editors, and publishers

www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine

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1- Citing Books and Other Individual

Titles on the Internet

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Books and Other Individual Titles on the Internet

• A monograph, commonly called a book, is any work complete in one volume or in a finitenumber of volumes. Books on the Internet are often electronic versions of large printed texts, such as textbooks, manuals, or technical reports, but may also be smaller works such as a brochure, single-page fact sheet, or brief treatise. Size is not relevant to the definition.

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Books and Other Individual Titles on the Internet

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Citation Rules for Entire Books

Author/Editor (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title (R) | Content Type (O) | Type of Medium (R)

| Edition (R) | Editor and other Secondary Authors (O) | Place of Publication (R) | Publisher (R) | Date of Publication (R) | Date of Update/Revision (R) | Date of Citation (R) | Extent (Pagination) (O) | Series (O) | Availability (R) | Language (R) | Notes (O)

------------------------------------------------------------ R= Required element

O=Optional element

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Examples of Citations to Entire Books and Other Individual Titles on the

Internet

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Examples of Citations to Entire Books

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Examples of Citations to Entire Books

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Examples of Citations to Entire Books

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Citations to Parts of Books on the Internet

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Citation Rules for Parts of Books on the Internet

• Entire Book (R) | Name and Number/Letter (R) | Title (R) | Date of Update/Revision (R) | Date of Citation (R) | Location (Pagination) (R) | Availability (R) | Language (R)

R=Required elementO=Optional element

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Examples of Citations to Parts of Books on the Internet

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Examples of Citations to Parts of Books on the Internet

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Examples of Citations to Parts of Books on the Internet

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Citations to Contributions to Books

on the Internet

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Citation Rules for Contributions to Books on the Internet

• Author (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title (R) | Connective Phrase (R) | Book Information (R)

• | Date of Citation (R) | Location (Pagination) (R) | Availability (R) | Language (R) | Notes (O)

• ------------------R=Required elementO =Optional element

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Examples of Citations to Contributions to Books on

the Internet

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2- Citations to

Journal Articles

on the Internet

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Citations to Journal Articles on the Internet

Many journals on the Internet are identical to their print versions. Increasingly, however,

journals are written directly for the Internet to enable hyperlinking, to include complex

graphics, and to run multimedia such as film clips and sound. An Internet journal may be static, fixed in time and unchanged since

publication, or may be updated or otherwise revised over time.

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Citations to Journal Articles on the Internet

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Citation Rules for Journal Articles on the Internet

Author (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Article Title (R) | Article Type (O) | Journal Title (R) |

Edition (R) | Content Type (O) | Type of Medium (R) | Date of Publication (R) | Date of Update/

Revision (R) | Date of Citation (R) | Volume Number (R) | Issue Number (R) | Location(Pagination) (R) | Availability (R) | Language (R) | Notes (O)

• R=required element• O= Optional element

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Examples of Citations to Journal Articles on the

Internet

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Examples of Citations to Journal Articles on the

Internet

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Examples of Citations to Journal Articles on the

Internet

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Examples of Citations to Journal Articles on the

Internet

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3- Databases/Retrieval Systems on the Internet

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• A database is a collection of individual records that are most often standardized in both format and content.

• Database records are usually related by a common denominator such as subject matter or the source of the material in them.

• Text-oriented databases are generally bibliographic or full-text, where each record has a bibliographic citation to a publication or the complete text of a document. Number-oriented databases cover many types, including statistical, time series, and transactional.

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Serial database that is open:

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For a serial database that is closed:

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Citation Rules for Entire Databases on the Internet

Author/Editor (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title (R) | Content Type (O) | Type of Medium (R)

| Edition (R) | Editor and other Secondary Authors (O) | Place of Publication (R) | Publisher

(R) | Date of Publication (R) | Date of Update/Revision (R) | Date of Citation (R) | Availability(R) | Language (R) | Notes (O)

• R= Required element• O=Optional Element

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Examples of Citations to Entire Databases on the

Internet

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Examples of Citations to Entire Databases on the

Internet

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Part of a database on the Internet

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Citation Rules for Parts of Databases on the Internet

• Database (R) | Name and Number/Letter (R) | Title (R) | Date of Publication (R) | Date of Update/Revision (R) | Date of Citation (R) | Location (Pagination) (R) | Availability (R) | Language (R) | Notes (O)

• ---------------------------------------------• R= Required element• O=Optional element

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Examples of Citations to Parts of Databases on the

Internet

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Reference to a contribution to a database on the Internet

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Definition of contribution• Contributions are separately

identified records, sections, or other portions of Internet databases that are provided by individuals or organizations other than the database builders. They thus have distinct authorship.

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Contribution

• There are two types of contributions: those written expressly for the database, such as a review produced for the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and those written for a primary publication such as a journal or book that is cited in the database. A journal article in a bibliographic database such as PubMed is an example of the latter.

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Types of contribution• The first type of contribution contains

only an author and title, and sometimes a date of publication; it has no place of publication, publisher, or other publication information separate from the database.

• The second type, however, contains full publication information.

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Citation Rules for Contributions to Databases

on the Internet• Author (R) | Author Affiliation (O) |

Title (R) | Publication Information (R) | Date of Update/Revision (R) | Date of Citation (R) | Connective Phrase (R) | Database (R) | Extent (Pagination) (R) | Availability (R) | Acquisition Number (O) | Language (R) | Notes (O)

• R=Required element• O=optional element

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Examples of Citations to Contributions to Databases

on the Internet

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4- Citing a homepage

Web Sites

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Web Site• A homepage is the first or introductory page

of a Web site (NISO Z39.29). It usually provides a table of contents or index to the contents of the ite. Homepages are placed on the Internet by both organizations and individuals for purposes ranging from an effort to provide information about a government agency, a company, an association, or a specific subject, to a means of providing a forum for a personal point of view

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Format for a reference to a homepage

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Citation Rules for Homepages

• Author (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title (R) | Content Type (O) | Type of Medium (R) | Edition

• (R) | Editor and other Secondary Authors (O) | Place of Publication (R) | Publisher (R) | Date

• of Publication (R) | Date of Update/Revision (R) | Date of Citation (R) | Availability (R) |

• Language (R) | Notes (O)• R=Required element• O=optional element

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Examples of Citations to Homepages

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Examples of Citations to Homepages

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Examples of Citations to Homepages

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Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Parts

of Web Sites

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Citation Rules for Parts of Web Sites

• Homepage (R) | Title (R) | Date of Publication (R) | Date of Update/Revision (R) | Date of Citation (R) | Location (Pagination) (R) | Availability (R) | Language (R) | Notes (O)

• ----------------------------------------------• R= Required element• O=Optional element

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Examples of Citations to Parts of Web Sites

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Examples of Citations to Parts of Web Sites

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5- Electronic Mail and

Discussion Forums

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Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing

Electronic Mail

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Definition

Electronic mail or e-mail is a written message sent over communication networks to a single address or to

multiple addressees.

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Citation Rules for Electronic Mail

• Author (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title of Message (R) | Content Type (O) | Type of Medium (R) | Connective Phrase (R) | Recipient (R) | Recipient Affiliation (O) | Date (R) | Date of Citation (R) | Extent (Pagination) (O) | Availability (O) | Language (R) | Notes (O)

• R=Required element• O=Optional element

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Examples of Citations to Electronic Mail

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6- Citing LISTSERVs and Similar

Discussion Lists

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Citing LISTSERVs and SimilarDiscussion Lists

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Definitions• LISTSERV is a proprietary name for

mailing list software that is a registered trademark of Lsoft International.

• Mailing lists are usually subject-oriented and provide a forum for member discussion.

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Citation Rules for LISTSERVs and Similar Discussion Lists

Author (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title for Message (R) | Connective Phrase (R) | Title (R) | Address (O) | Content Type (O) | Type of Medium (R) | Place of Publication (R) | Publisher (R) | Date (R) | Date of Citation (R) | Extent (Pagination) (O) | Availability (O) | Language (R)| Notes (O)

R=Required elementO=Optional Element

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Examples of Citations to LISTSERVs and Similar Discussion Lists

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Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Blogs

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Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Blogs

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7 -Citing Blogs

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Definition• Blog is a contraction of Web log. A blog

is a publicly available Web site that serves as a personal journal or sounding board for an individual or as an information tool for an organization. The blog owner posts messages and invites comments from readers. Entries or messages are displayed in reverse chronological order and the site is usually updated daily.

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• Author/Editor (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title (R) | Content Type (O) | Type of Medium (R) | Editor and other Secondary Authors (O) | Place of Publication (R) | Publisher (R) | Date of Publication (R) | Date of Citation (R) | Availability (R) | Language (R) | Notes (O)

R=Required elementO=Optional Element

Citation Rules for Blogs

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Examples of Citations to Blogs

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Examples of Citations to Blogs

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8 -Citing Wikis

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Citation and Introduction to Citing Wikis

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Definition• A wiki is a multi-authored or collaborative

Web site that permits users to create additional content for the site and to edit existing content. Users may also add comments to content, ask questions, and reply to questions posed by others. The term wiki is derived from the Hawaiian "wiki wiki", which means quick. Wikipedia is perhaps the most widely known general wiki.

• Most other wikis are devoted to a particular subject, like AIDS Wiki or WIKISURGERY.

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Citation Rules for Wikis• Title (R) | Content Type (O) | Type of

Medium (R) | Editor and other Secondary Authors (O)| Place of Publication (R) | Publisher (R) | Date of Publication (R) | Date of pdate/Revision

• (R) | Date of Citation (R) | Availability (R) | Language (R) | Notes (O)

• R=Required element• O=Optional element

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Examples of Citations to Wikis

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Thank You

Refat AR24-01-2010

FOM-Zagazig University