Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions & Enzymes& Enzymes - Means to write that

information down.

Chemical Reactions and EnzymesChemical Reactions and EnzymesAs we have seen living things are made of chemical compounds (Biomolecules), but more importantly chemistry isn’t just what life is made of, chemistry is also what life does.

Chemical Reactions0Chemical reaction – is a process

in which one or more chemicals change into another chemicals.

0The chemicals (elements or compounds) that enter into a chemical reaction are the reactants.

0The chemicals (elements or compounds) produced by a chemical reaction are known as products.

Energy in Reactions

0Law of Conservation of Energy 0 Energy is neither created nor

destroyed, but it can be transferred or transform from one form to another.

0Chemical reactions that release energy often occur spontaneously.

0Chemical reactions that absorb energy will not without a source of energy.

Activation Energy

0Do all reactions occur spontaneously?

0 If this were true what would happen to your textbooks?

0Will wood burn only if you light it with a match?

0Chemists call the energy that is needed to get a reaction started the activation energy

Activation Energy0Activation Energy

0 The minimum energy that must be input to a chemical system in order for a chemical reaction to occur.

Enzymes

0Some chemical reactions that make life possible are too slow or have activation energies that are too high to make them practical for life.

0These reactions require catalysts or substances that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction.

0Catalyst works by lowering a reaction’s activation energy, but with out being change by the chemical reaction.

Two paths will take you to the same end Two paths will take you to the same end location. Which one will take less energy to get location. Which one will take less energy to get

there and will happen faster?there and will happen faster?

Activation Energy0What significance do these energy changes have to do with living things?In order to stay alive, organisms need to carry out reactions that require energy.

Enzymes

0Enzymes – are proteins that act as biological catalysts.

0Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells.

0Enzymes are very specific, generally catalyzing only one chemical reaction.0 Lock and Key concept

0One Enzyme can catalyze or speed up multiple reactions 0 Enzymes are recyclable

Enzymes0For a chemical reaction to occur, the reactants must collide with

enough energy so that existing bonds will be broken and new bonds will be formed.

0Enzymes provide a place where reactants can be brought together to react.

0The reactants of enzyme – catalyzed reactions are known as substrates.

The Enzyme/Substrate Complex0Each enzyme (protein) has a specific shape, the substrate binds

to the active site on the protein to help speed up the reaction.0 AKA “lock and key”

0Each enzyme has an specific active site for a specific substrate

Enzymes - In Summary

Digestive Enzyme Basics

Short & basic enzyme animation

Enzyme Videos

0http://biologyca.blogspot.com/