Ch15 Urban And Classes

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10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.

Growth of Cities

Kagan Chapter 15

Pages 504-509

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Topics

I. Urban growth

II. Working conditions

III. Social Classes

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I. Urban Growth

A. Why did cities Grow?

B. Conditions in cities

C. What to think about??

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A. Why did cities grow?

• Increasing population• Fewer farmers needed• Farmers moved to cities looking for jobs.• Cities had housing and factories

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B. Conditions in cities

• Rapid growth of cities created many problems.– Poor city planning.– No trash service.– No sewage service.– Poor housing.– Environmental issues.

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C. What to think about??

• Charles Dickens• White Chapel and Jack the Ripper• Current China and India

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II. Working conditions.

A. People were no longer self reliant.

B. Factory conditions.

C. Woman and industry.

D. Child labor

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A. People were no longer self reliant.

• On farms.– People could grow their own food.– You determined your own success

• In factories.– Worked 14 or 16 hours a day, 6 days a week.– Very low pay.– People were dependant upon the success of the

factory.

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B. Factory conditions.

• Very unsafe.• No job protection.• Low pay to subsistence pay.• Dehumanization of labor

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C. Woman and industry.

• Woman often received half the pay as men.

• Had to serve a double role as worker and child care giver.

Wages in lancashire 1830Age Male Wages Female Wages

under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d.

11 - 16 4s. 1d. 4s. 3d.

17 - 21 10s. 2d. 7s. 3d.

22 - 26 17s. 2d. 8s. 5d.

27 - 31 20s. 4d. 8s. 7d.

32 - 36 22s. 8d. 8s. 9d.

37 - 41 21s. 7d. 9s. 8d.

42 - 46 20s. 3d. 9s. 3d.

47 - 51 16s. 7d. 8s. 10d.

52 - 56 16s. 4d. 8s. 4d.

57 - 61 13s. 6d. 6s. 4d.

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D. Child labor

• Children often worked 12 or 14 hours a day.

• Often began as early as the age of 6.• The poor often gave their children over to

work houses and orphanages who sold their labor.– Oliver Twist and Charles Dickens

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Work injuries

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Workers ages 1833, LancanshireAge Males Females

under 11 246 155

11 - 16 1,169 1,123

17 - 21 736 1,240

22 - 26 612 780

27 - 31 355 295

32 - 36 215 100

37 - 41 168 81

42 - 46 98 38

47 - 51 88 23

52 - 56 41 4

57 - 61 28 3

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III. Social Classes

A. Upper Class

B. Middle Class or bourgeoisie

C. Artisans and Guilds

D. Lower Class

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A. Upper Class

• Upper class– Wealthy entrepreneurs and capitalists.– Some nobility as well– These groups were sometimes at odds

• Old versus new money• Power struggle

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B. Middle Class or bourgeoisie

• Middle Class or bourgeoisie – Skilled professionals– Tradesmen

• Usually wanted reform and change• Also wanted to increase their political

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C. Artisans and Guilds

• Carpenters, printers, butchers, tailors– Job learned by apprenticeship

• Often opposed change– Wanted to keep their skills valuable

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D. Lower Class

• Lower class– Unskilled labor with little opportunity, low pay

and poor conditions.

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• Working Conditions• Charles Dickens• Urban Growth• Social Classes

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What we Know

• How did cities grow and develop in the early years of the Industrial Revolution?

• Describe working conditions for labor in the early Industrial Revolution.

• Describe the development of new social classes in European society.

Ch15 Urban And Classes

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