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Chapter 3Correctional Practices:
Ancient to contemporary
Would you rather be in prison now or 200 years ago?
Crime/punishment: evolved
-blood feuds
-complex legal systems
-Code of Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC) laws (carved) -criminal (theft/violence)-civil (deeds/personal injury) punishments-lex talionis-execution-amputations-fines-no imprisonment-social status considered
Mosaic law: Hebrew
Roman Law: 451-450 BC
Medieval-feudalism:-Lords/citizens/serfs-assemblies of free men in courtsTo-enforcement of royal rights (landholders)-Baron presided over disputes
17th & 18Th CenturiesBanishmentTransportation1700’s:-American colonies (lack of labor)
Transportation Act of 1718-replaced execution -50,000 transported before 1775-1788-1868-160,000 -Australia
Women offenders:
-24, 000 women
-positive influence on male population
-brothels
-forced marriages
-stopped 1851
Prison Hulks:-Ships converted to prison ships-6,000-30% mortality rates
Early incarceration:-isolate-penitence/no cross ideas -work
Hospice of St. Michael: misbehaving boys (Rome) 1704
-single cells
-hard work/silence-religious instruction
-orphans/aged & infirmed adults
-cell-opened into common area
Houses of Corrections (Bridewell House):-hard work
Masion de Force:-work not deterrent/learned trade
John Howard-prison reformer-1779 Penitentiary Act:-secure/sanitary-inspections-fees for services abolished-discipline-reformatory-solitary confienment/silence/work
Early America:-various housing units-crimes/debts
-1785-Castle Island-1st state prison in US
Pennsylvania System:-separate/silent
Auburn System:-congregate/silent
Elmira Reformatory:-prepare for return to society
American West:-1880-Folsom-overcowded
-Washington Territory-leased prisoners to industry
Yuma Territorial prison:-electricity/circulated heat/library
Medical model (1930s):-offenders sick-exam/diagnose/treatment
-Professional staff-Treatment programs-Community corrections
Balanced Model:-equal weight-deterrence
-rehabilitation
-retribution
-incapacitation
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