Biotechnology

WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF

BIOTECHNOLOGY

WHAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGY?

Biotechnology

A wide ranging scientific field which includes the manipulation of living organisms that results in new products or processes by that cell.

Gregor Johann Mendel

Discovered the Laws Governing the Genetic Inheritance of Traits by Scientific Experimentation.

Founded Modern Genetics.

FOUNDER OF MODERN GENETICS

Genetic Engineering Which Include

*Creation of RECOMBINANT DNA*GENE CLONING

*GENE TRANSFER

GENE CLONING

What is DNA cloning ?

When DNA is extracted from an organism, all its genes are obtained

In gene (DNA) cloning a particular gene is copied (cloned)

WHAT IS GENE CLONING ?

• To "clone a gene" is to make many copies of it• Act of making many identical copies of gene• Gene can be an exact copy of a natural gene • Gene can be an altered version of a natural gene

Cell based DNA cloning

TOW TYPE OF DNA CLONING

Cell-free DNA cloning (PCR)

Cell based DNA cloning

DNA is extracted- here from blood

Restriction enzymes, e.g. EcoRI, HindIII, etc., cut the DNA into small pieces

Different DNA pieces cut with the same enzyme can join, or recombine.

RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE

Blood sample

DNA

DNA CLONING

PCR techniqueds DNA

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Denature

Anneal

Extend

PCR amplifies DNA(gene)

1st cycle

2nd cycle

1st cycle

2nd cycle

3rd cycle

4th cycle

5th cycle

6th cycle

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS IN

AGRICULTURE* Flavr Savr Tomato

*Golden Rice*BT Cotton* BT Brinjal

DELAYED RIPENING IN TOMATO

FLAVR SAVR TOMATO

VIRUS RESISTANT TOMATO

GOLDEN RICE

NORMAL RICE

GOLDEN RICE

CONTRIBUTION OF GOLDEN RICE

BT COTTON

BT BRINJAL

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE Protein Pharmaceuticals Vaccines & Therapeutic

Agents Diagnostics: Protein or

DNA Based Gene Therapy Stem Cell Research Cancer Treatment

Insertion of a new “healthy” gene into the organism to provide needed (usually) proteins, hormones etc.

Gene is carried into the host by a viral vector that has been disabled Can provide relief for many genetic

diseases Problems: Jessie Gelsinger, xscid babies immune responses, and cancer

Gene Therapy

ORAL VACCINE

HUMULIN

Genetically Modified Animals

1983 Transgenic Mice 1997 Cloned sheep

THANKSSS !!!