Bangladesh Challenges

AIM

CHALLENGES POVERTY EDUCATION CORRUPTION UNEMPLOYMENT INFRUSTRUCTURE CLIMATE POLITICAL UNREST

THE CHALLENGES OF 21ST CENTURIES(POVERTY)

POVERTY Poverty is a constant companion of most of the people

of Bangladesh due to some specific reasons for which  the rich  are becoming more rich and  the poor are becoming poorer .

Bangladesh is considered as one of the poorest countries  in the world, faces three major crises namely economically, politically and environmentally.

REASON BEHIND POVERTY

• Rapid growth of population.• Inequitable distribution of land, income and productive assets.• Low wage.• Natural calamities (river erosion,

cyclone, tidal surge, excessive rain).• Under developed communications system.• Lack of education and skilled labour.• Limited access to public services.

POVERTY SCENARIO IN BD

Around 31% of the rural population presently suffers the indignity of chronic poverty low consumption, hunger and under-nutrition or more.

About 24% of the total population currently lives in extreme income-poverty.

About 19% of rural households cannot have 'full three meals' a day

About 40 million people go to bed without meal every night.

CONT. About 10% survive on two meals or less for a

number of months every year. While Bangladesh has come out of the "shadow of famine", the problem of starvation still persists.

This observation shows that Bangladesh is a country of poor.

WHY BANGLADESH FAIL TO REMOVE POVERTY

• Lack of innovation– Small market for new inventions

• No profits = no inventions– Endogenous growth cycle:

• Big markets encourage invention• Inventions promote big markets

– Low income countries:• 37% population• 11% GDP• 1% patents

– Need foreign investment to bring technology• Key to East Asian economies• Sweat shops are first step• Starts at port cities

THE SCENARIO OF GLOBAL POVERTY

THE SCENARIO OF BANGLADESH

BANGLADESH ON THE LADDER TO DEVELOPMENT

• Per capita income doubled since independence (1971)– Infant mortality 1/3

• Microcredit more available• Health care more available

– And birth control• Women now more empowered

– Want education– Want fewer children

FIVE DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS

Boost Agriculture Improve basic health Invest in Education Power, Transport and

Communications Safe drinking water and sanitation

AFTERTHOUGHT Although, several international organizations like IMF, World

Bank; Government and Non Governmental organizations have been working for the alleviation of poverty but the success in the field is very negligible i.e. 1% or 1.8% at best each year. Statistics show reduction of poverty in the last five years (1999---2004) from 44.7% to 42.1%. But according to the principles of Millennium Development Goals (MDG), we have to reduce poverty by 1.15% every year.

OVERVIEW OF EDUCATION SYSTEM

PROBLEMS IN SCHOOL-COLLEGE LEVEL

Number of schools and colleges are not adequate Quality and availability of teachers

PROBLEMS IN SCHOOL-COLLEGE LEVEL

Lack of funds

PROBLEMS IN SCHOOL-COLLEGE LEVEL

Too much pressure Certificate and exam based

PROBLEMS IN SCHOOL-COLLEGE LEVEL

Huge drop out rate- From primary to secondary and secondary to higher secondary

PROBLEMS IN UNIVERSITY LEVEL Public universities are too few in

number(only 36) Expenditure of private universities is

too high Limited range of courses offered Lack of Qualified and Specialized

subject lecturers Insufficient Lab & Classrooms facility Student politics Season delay

PROBLEMS IN UNIVERSITY LEVEL

SOLUTIONS Establishing Educational Institutions Providing Adequate Fund by Annual

Budget Qualified and Experienced Teacher Minimizing drop Out Rate Launching Actual vocational Education Technical Support through ICT

UNEMPLOYMENT 1. There is less field for job opportunity 2.Most of the people don’t learn to choose

independent career 3.A low quality of education system in our

country 4. Less opportunity on job facility 5. A less number of mills, factories and

industries.

SOLUTION 1. In order to eliminate this problem we have to moblize all our

energy to this great purpose without wasting time. 2. The most essential measure is industrialization. 3. A large number of mills, factories and industries should be

set up where many of our youths will get the opportunity to work.

4. A great change should be brought in our educational system. 5. More importance should be given on professional and

technical education. 6. The educated youth should change their attitude to life. 7. They must learn to choose independent career. 8. They can start small business. 9. Self employment is possible solution to this great problem .

CORRUPTION

CORRUPTION

In philosophical, theological, or moral discussions, corruption is the abuse of bestowed power or position to acquire a personal benefit. Corruption may include many activities including bribery and embezzlement. Government, or 'political', corruption occurs when an office-holder or other governmental employee acts in an official capacity for personal gain.

TYPES OF CORRUPTION BRIBERY EMBEZZLEMENT AND FRAUD EXTORTION A CONFLICT OF INTEREST FAVOURITISM,NEPOTISM AND

CRONYISM SYSTEMATIC CORRUPTION

DIAGNOSTIC SURVEY OF INCIDENCE OF CORRUPTION INSERVICE SECTOR(2010)Table 1—Corruption and irregularities faced by households in different service sector1Name %1. Judiciary 88.02. Law-Enforcement Agency 79.73. Land Administration 71.24. Tax and Customs 51.35. Electricity 45.96. Agriculture 45.37. Local Government 43.98. Health 33.29. Insurance 19.2

According to this Report sector-wise corruption in Bangladesh is as followsPolice-------------------20.67%Local govt.----------------11.67%Education --------------10.93%Health--------------------7.8%Others------------------48.92%Total-------------------100%Source: T. I. B. Dainik Snag bad, 6th October 2002 & Internet Centre for Corruption research

SOLUTION

1.Enhanced Transparency and Accountability2.Components of Open Budget Survey3.Simplification of Regulations, Professional Civil Service,and Decentralization4.Reforms of Election Campaign Finance5.An Effective Anti-Corruption Commission6.Strengthening Civil Society Participation7.Rules and Legal InstrumentsTransparency

Infrastructure refers to the fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city or area, including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function. It typically characterizes technical structures such as roads, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, and so forth, and can be defined as ‘the physical components’ of interrelated systems providing commoditiesand services essential to enable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions.

Traffic Planning

UNPLANNED & BROKEN RAILWAY SYSTEM

METRO RAILWAY

UNPLANNED PUBLIC HOUSING

Sewerage problems&

Flood

Communication Insufficiency

BANGLADESH TOURISM

Our Aesthetic Tourism Spots

LALBAGH FORT LALBAGH FORT

AHSAN MANJIL

SHAT GAMBUJ MASQUE

PAHARPUR BIHAR

BUDDHIST TEMPLE

SUNDARBAN

SYLHET TEA GARDEN

JAFLONG

NILGIRI

HIMCHARI

KAPTAI LAKE

KAPTAI LAKE

KAPTAI BRIDGE

JINJIRA

SAINT MARTINS

COX’S BAZAR

FLAWS

To Attract Tourists & Lack Of Publicity A Dearth of Proper Guidance for Visitors Safety Problem: Insecurity Caring Problem for Conservation of Tourism Spots Stratagem Problems To Beautify Spots

ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES IN BANGLADESH

Ken????

CLIMATE CHANGE The most general definition of climate

change is a change in the statistical properties of the climate system when considered over long periods of time, regardless of cause. The term sometimes is used to refer specifically to climate change caused by human activity, as opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of Earth's natural processes.

SO THAT’S CLIMATE CHANGESo the world’s weather is changing.

There are floods in some places and droughts in others.

There will be more storms and it may get too hot to live in some places.

People all over the world will be affected.

How is the climate changing where you live?

End presentation

REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL DISASTERS (1993-2002)

Africa21%

Americas20%

Asia42%

Europe14%

Oceania3%

DISTRIBUTION OF PEOPLE KILLED (1993-2002)

High human development

2%

Medium human

development32%

Low human development

66%

Lecture 4. Climate change and the integrated coastal system. Wednesday 25

July 2007

Cyclones/ Marine Processes

River Floods/ Sediment SupplyChanging Land Use/Catchment Management

Sedimentation,Tectonics,Subsidence,Growing Populationand Economy

NATURAL PROCESSES

HUMAN‘PROCESSES’

‘GlobalClimate Change’

ClimateVariability

Environmental Challenges

River FloodRiver Bank Erosion

Flash Flood.Surge height >1mSurge height <1m

Most common natural disasters

CYCLONIC STORM SURGE DISASTERS IN BANGLADESH

1970- 470000 People died1991- 140000 people died 2007- SIDR -4000 people died+ huge damages to crop and infrastructure2009 Cyclone AILA- 200 people killed + Huge damages, water logging in coastal polders

MAJOR CYCLONE THAT HIT BANGLADESH (NPDM): 2010

RECENT SUCCESS Bangladesh has already developed salinity

tolerant, flood tolerant and shorter maturity varieties of rice. This will help in the short run.

Extensive agricultural extension services are needed to make these varieties available to the farmers.

But this is only the beginning: more varieties and appropriate ecosystem-based agricultural system need to be developed and popularized

SOLUTION Adaptation is necessary to cope with the unavoidable

dimensions of climate change and is essential in ameliorating near-term threats. Adequate physical, economic and institutional capacities can reduce the vulnerability of high-risk communities and groups. Comprehensive adaptation can help many communities to minimize economic losses induced by natural disasters.

One immediate need is to start multi-disciplinary human capability development planning and implementation for climate and environmental management.

Intensive training program for climate displaced community to adapt and cope with new situation

POLITICAL UNREST

SOLUTION PEACEFUL SOLUTION AMONG

POLITICAL PARTIES NOT WORKING FOR PERSONAL GAIN VIOLENT CONFICTS SHOULD END LAW ENORCEMENT AGENCIES SHOULD

WORK FOR THE PEOPLE JUDISTRICAL SYSTEM SHOULD BE

INDEPENDENT

THANK YOU!!