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Encouraging LearningHow you can help children learn
www.challenginglearning.com
Praise that can do more harm than good
Clever girl!
Gifted musician
Brilliant mathematician
Bright boy
Top of the class!
By far the best
www.carol-dweck.co.uk
Carol Dweck
Mueller and Dweck, 1998
In six studies, 7th grade students were given a series of nonverbal IQ tests.
The effects of different types of praise
Intelligence praise“Wow, that’s a really good score. You must be smart at this.”
Process praise“Wow, that’s a really good score. You must have tried really hard.”
Control-group praise“Wow, that’s a really good score.”
Mueller and Dweck, 1998
Trial 1 Trial 34.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
Effort Praise
Control Praise
Intelligence Praise
Number of problems solved on a 3rd test
Boys get 8 times more criticism than girls
The effects of praise
Swimming“You do your best swimming when you concentrate and try your best to do what Chris is asking you to do”
Ballet
“What a brilliant ballerina you are!”
Praise can make children scared of challenge
Our praise often teaches pupils that
easy success means they are intelligent and, by implication, that errors and effort mean they are not.
Prof Carol Dweck, Mindset
We praise children when they get 10 out of 10
10/10
We should focus on progress, not rank order
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What level of plasticity do our brains have?
Swedes talk about ‘curling parents’
The Learning Challenge: a possible antidote
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Cla
rity
Con
fusi
on
The Pit
1. Concept
2. Conflict
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Challenge with young children
Eureka moments come from challenge
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Cla
rity
Con
fusi
on
The Pit
1. Concept
2. Conflict
3. Construct
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Eureka!
challenginglearning.com
p4c.coop
james@p4c.com
@JamesNottinghm
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